How can you not understand that this 500kg of exhaust (formerly 500kg of fuel), which is created every second, is your 'mystery' mass 2?
Because it isn't.
Stop brainwashing.
Cannon=mass 1; then we have P, the expanding propellant; then cannonball=mass 2.
Rocket=mass 1; then we have P, the expanding propellant; then...?
Where is mass 2?
The article Yendor found tells you exactly what the missing mass 2 is, but you'd prefer to ignore that.
Just like you ignore the inconvenient vacuum in your posts.
Stop wasting our time.
Mass B is the exhaust.
Simple. Next.
What exhaust exactly? Is it the cloud of smoke that we see trailing a rocket? If so, this is not what we are talking about for propulsion. It's that big thrusting fire that comes out of the back before it turns into exhaust.
You see, exhaust is exactly what it says. It's exhausted fuel. Burning fuel is not exhausted....it is "exhausting."
Exhaust is any mass that is ejected from the rocket nozzle. Whether or not it has completely combusted is besides the point, it is still mass being ejected from the rocket nozzle and therefore providing thrust through conservation of momentum.
Ok let me try and enlighten you.
Now I want you to think about this carefully.
In a car, fuel and air is mixed in a combustion chamber that pushes a piston to do work turning a crank shaft, etc all the way to the wheels to move them. With each piston push, the fuel is spent as a force and it ejected as a gas. It is exhausted and passes through a pipe that throws that exhausted gas away from the car.
So what we have here is...basically your rocket. When I say this, I mean that your rocket is supposedly working on exactly the same principle, as in fuel and air mix into a COMBUSTION CHAMBER and IGNITED to burn and be ejected.
The problem that your rocket has is that it's internal combustion chamber has no work to do. It does not mechanically turn a propeller or some kind of flapping wings or whatever, as a car would use wheels.
So what's really happening?
It's really very simple if you use your common sense.
It means that a rocket does not use an internal combustion chamber. It's a fallacy. It's a con. It's a massive clever dupe.
What it does use is a chamber to MIX the UNBURNED FUEL and then it is ignited as it leaves the nozzle. It is ignited when it leaves the nozzle because this is where the work needs to be done to springboard that rocket vertically into the air against the EXTERNAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE that is creating a barrier to that ejected burning fuel.
The ejected burning fuel is super expanded matter against a dense external barrier and it creates a massive push against that dense atmosphere due to the expansion I just mentioned. This forces that atmosphere aside like a big rubber elastic sheet which springs back (squeezes) against that energy expansion of burning fuel. This creates the lift of the rocket. It's merely a fight of fuel against atmosphere.
There's nothing going on inside that rocket to make it fly in terms of burning fuel. Nothing at all.
Now understand this because the sooner you do, the sooner you will wake up to the bullshit that has been planted into your head and if you are adult, you should know better.