brouwer, let us go back to your first message.
There is a difference in applying angular diameter calculations re: spherical bodies, as opposed to applying them to objects in the shape of a disk.
Here is the formal definition: The angle subtended at the observer by a diameter of a distant spherical body which is perpendicular to the line between the observer and the center of the body.
For a disk-shaped body we have this formula, using the graphic
http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Angular_dia_formula.JPG/400px-Angular_dia_formula.JPG :
@ = 2 arctan (1/2 x d/D), if D is much larger than d, then we can approximate by @ = d/D
@ = angular diameter
Let me remind you that indeed the sun has the shape of a disk.
Impossibility of a round Sun shape:
The atmospheric pressure of the sun, instead of being 27.47 times greater than the atmospheric pressure of the earth (as expected because of the gravitational pull of the large solar mass), is much smaller: the pressure there varies according to the layers of the atmosphere from one-tenth to one-thousandth of the barometric pressure on the earth; at the base of the reversing layer the pressure is 0.005 of the atmospheric pressure at sea level on the earth; in the sunspots, the pressure drops to one ten-thousandth of the pressure on the earth.
The pressure of light is sometimes referred to as to explain the low atmospheric pressure on the sun. At the surface of the sun, the pressure of light must be 2.75 milligrams per square centimeter; a cubic centimeter of one gram weight at the surface of the earth would weigh 27.47 grams at the surface of the sun. Thus the attraction by the solar mass is 10,000 times greater than the repulsion of the solar light. Recourse is taken to the supposition that if the pull and the pressure are calculated for very small masses, the pressure exceeds the pull, one acting in proportion to the surface, the other in proportion to the volume. But if this is so, why is the lowest pressure of the solar atmosphere observed over the sunspots where the light pressure is least?
Because of its swift rotation, the gaseous sun should have the latitudinal axis greater than the longitudinal, but it does not have it. The sun is one million times larger than the earth, and its day is but twenty-six times longer than the terrestrial day; the swiftness of its rotation at its equator is over 125 km. per minute; at the poles, the velocity approaches zero. Yet the solar disk is not oval but round: the majority of observers even find a small excess in the longitudinal axis of the sun. The planets act in the same manner as the rotation of the sun, imposing a latitudinal pull on the luminary.
Gravitation that acts in all directions equally leaves unexplained the spherical shape of the sun. As we saw in the preceding section, the gases of the solar atmosphere are not under a strong pressure, but under a very weak one. Therefore, the computation, according to which the ellipsoidity of the sun, that is lacking, should be slight, is not correct either. Since the gases are under a very low gravitational pressure, the centrifugal force of rotation must have formed quite a flat sun.
Near the polar regions of the sun, streamers of the corona are observed, which prolong still more the axial length of the sun.
If planets and satellites were once molten masses, as cosmological theories assume, they would not have been able to obtain a spherical form, especially those which do not rotate, as Mercury or the moon (with respect to its primary).
Solar Atmosph. Pressure as a Function of Depth (official science information)
Depth (km) % Light from this Depth Temperature (K) Pressure (bars)
0 99.5 4465 6.8 x 10-3
100 97 4780 1.7 x 10-2
200 89 5180 3.9 x 10-2
250 80 5455 5.8 x 10-2
300 64 5840 8.3 x 10-2
350 37 6420 1.2 x 10-1
375 18 6910 1.4 x 10-1
400 4 7610 1.6 x 10-1
This table indicates that the solar atmosphere changes from being almost completely transparent to being almost opaque over a distance of about 400 km. Notice also that in this region the temperature drops rapidly as we near the surface, and that the pressure (measured in bars, where one bar is the average atmospheric pressure at the surface of the Earth) is very low - generally 1% or less of Earth surface atmospheric pressure.
Now, let us go back to the very subject of your thread.
http://evildrganymede.net/rpg/world/angular_diameters.pdfTo calculate the angular diameter, you need to know the diameter of the object in question, and how far away it is from the observer.
Here is where each and every scientist (from Picard, official chronology of history, to today) makes the mistake: they will use the following data, diameter 1392000 km, distance 149600000 km (for the sun-earth system).
You made the same mistake.
According to wikipedia, the angular size of the sun is 31'6'' to 32'7'', but they used the same wrong data taken from the textbooks on heliocentricity.
Moreover, the assumptions made by the official figures offerred by textbooks on astronomy (including the work attributed to J. Picard), rely on the very wrong ideas about stellar parallax:
http://web.archive.org/web/20150321094726/http://www.realityreviewed.com/Negative%20parallax.htmHere is a classic work on the angular size of Mars, how the assumptions made by the figures offered by official astronomy, are absolutely wrong:
On the angular size of Mars:
http://www.freelists.org/post/geocentrism/The-resolution-of-Mars,4