It does where the mass of the object thrown is denser.
Density is irrelevant. Total mass is what is relevant.
For instance, imagine picking up a cannon ball. It's heavy right? really heavy. Now think of holding that cannon ball on a skateboard.
Tip that cannon ball out of your hands and it will drop straight to the floor, because you have put no pushing motion into it and allowed gravity to take over the mass of the ball, so you just stay put.
I think you can accept that right?
Ok, now pick that cannonball up and throw it straight up and you will find that you expend a lot of energy in doing that, whilst also feeling your skateboard bend slightly with the downward force of gravity, plus mass against your upward force right?
Ok, now we go for the throwing the ball away from yourself. Imagine holding the ball up to chest height and launching it away from you.
The second you apply energy to that ball to launch it, gravity is immediately also acting on the mass of that ball and pushing it down against your energy in pushing it outwards forcing your skateboard backwards due to the mass and gravity acting together.
I actually cannot accept that. The only reason you are push backward is because you are forcing an object with a lot of mass away from you. Mass is independent of gravity. Gravity has no bearing on the third law of motion. Gravity is only relevant in you throwing the ball upwards, as gravity attracts towards the center of mass.
I'm sure you can understand this.
I understand your misconception, yes. I'm trying to help you rectify it.
Now imagine floating in space on that skate board.
There is no up,down,sideways, forward or back, it's simply nothing and you are nothing in space and neither is the skateboard or the cannon ball.
You can launch that cannon ball above your head, below...sideways and you will feel no force of it because it weighs nothing and has no "mass"
There is still mass in space. There is mass everywhere. Mass is simply "the amount of matter in an object." You're thinking of weight, which has no bearing on the laws of motion. Weight is a function of gravity. If you're in orbit, you're in constant freefall, and therefore "weightless" because you're tangential speed to gravity has counteracted gravities effects in your frame of reference.
Now although you could launch that cannonball, there is no reaction to your body because there is nothing to push you back as space is devoid of matter.
Actually, if you push on the cannon ball, you will both move. If the cannon ball has more mass than your body, your body will move more. If your body has more mass than the cannon ball, then the cannon ball will more more. That's what the third law of motion states.
If you were just floating in space on your own and flapped your arms, kicked your feet, pushed out arms outwards with the same action you earlier launched the cannon ball...you would go nowhere because you are simply pushing against nothing but yourself. You are suspended.
Actually, if you flap your limbs in just the right way, it will cause you to "move" in your frame of reference as you will be shifting your center of mass around. This is similar to lurching back and forth in a wheelchair without the wheel locks on. You've can't swim in space, as that requires something to push against. You also won't get very far throwing your mass around, you probably won't even move enough to notice, unless you're right up next to something, then you may notice.