Let me help you out a little bit.
GPS 101 will now begin.
The transmitters have on board atomic clocks. These are all sync'ed to what is known as GPS time. These transmitters send out signals which contain three pieces of data: The status of the transmitter, the position of the transmitter, and the current GPS time.
The receiver contains an antenna, a quartz clock, and a computer. When it receives a signal, it calculates the transit time of the signal based on the time stamp contained within the signal, and using the known speed of light, determines the receiver's distance from the transmitter. The receiver can be anywhere on the surface of a sphere whose radius is is the calculated distance from the transmitter.
After doing this for two signals, the receiver's possible location is now a circle where the two spheres intersect.
One more signal narrows the position to two locations.
Using the earth as a fourth sphere, it has located its position on the surface of the earth.
Now, at start up, the receiver has no idea what the current GPS time is. In order for it to set its clock without the lag caused by signal transit time, it must aquire four signals. Knowing there is only a small time error, the receiver begins to calculate a time that would cause all four spheres to intersect at one point in space. Since there is only one value for time that would allow this, it now knows GPS time, and sets its quartz clock accordingly.
It now needs only three signals to calculate its position.
Without the atomic clocks on the transmitters, time synchronization between the transmitters would not be possible and the receiver would be getting different time values for each signal. This means that the location spheres would intermittently not intersect or two would meet at a single point in the upper atmosphere, making GPS useless.