Why do airplanes have machinery to tell whether they are parallel to the ground?

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Smoke Machine

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Simply seeing the buildings in Chicago or Toronto from over 40 or 50 miles away, when any ‘curvature’ over that distance would curve them down and out of our view, 100s of feet curving down by then, but they are still in view, except for the bottom, due to perspective.

This proves there is no ‘curvature’ right there, in fact

Trubalonium2, you shot yourself in the foot with this post, and didn't realise.

Since when does perspective cause the bottom of objects to disappear? Even on a theoretical flat plane model on a computer, if you construct a building and then zoom out, the ENTIRE of the building must always be visible, no matter what height you are, even if your eye is at ground level.

It's the same out here in the real world. The bottoms of buildings don't just disappear due to perspective. They disappear due to Earth curvature, just like the bottoms of ships.

Trubalonium2, you acknowledge the bottoms of buildings cannot be seen as you increase your distance from them, so you acknowledge an inescapable globe earth proof.
For the overall shape of Earth to be flat, requires billions of people and billions of pieces of information about Earth to be wrong. Do the maths.

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Smoke Machine

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Why not keep the spirit level level on the tank, and roll the tank? It will remain level.
Nice try at twisting it. This is what you people have to do.

Quote from: Smoke Machine
Planes do follow the curve of the Earth in level flight, Scepticmaniac.
Planes follow a path along Earth at whatever altitude. They do not follow any curvature unless they angle to change direction or to land or take off.
Their artificial horizon shows you this.


Quote from: Smoke Machine
It's been explained to the likes of you a million fucking times.
Using foul language will not make your argument valid.

You have been regurgitating these same worn out old arguments for over a decade, each time where your ass was handed to you. Either you have an extreme learning difficulty or you are like dory in a fishbowl who legitimately can't remember what you posted yesterday.

Planes fly at an altitude always based on sea level and outside air pressure. Height above sea level also follows the curve of the Earth as does air pressure at height. This argument which you are so fond of is the most easily disposed of in the flat earth tool kit. It's such an idiotic argument it's incredible you bunch still reach for it after all this time!

You don't seem to understand normal language at times, Scepticmaniac, so spicing it up with a bit of colorful language to punctuate the frustration you cause, is fair enough. Besides, it's nothing you haven't heard a thousand times in all those science fiction shows you watch. But if a naughty word upsets your delicate sensibilities so much that you now need to go into therapy, well I think therapy would be a good thing for you any way.
For the overall shape of Earth to be flat, requires billions of people and billions of pieces of information about Earth to be wrong. Do the maths.

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turbonium2

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Quote
Perspective doesn't magically hide the bottom the objects.
It doesn't magically make them appear to sink below eye level.
Instead, it makes them appear smaller and closer to eye level.
No amount of perspective will hide the bottom of an object above sea level, or make it appear to sink into the water.[\quote]

So please tell me that perspective doesn’t magically make the surface and objects on the surface appear to rise, because it’s absolute fact, yes?

This is clearly ‘magic’, yet it happens in reality, the real world.

You’re completely wrong to claim that perspective makes things look less and less higher with more distance, it makes things look more and more higher with more distance.

Look at a ship going outward from you on the ocean, from close in, to a half mile out, to a mile out, and two miles out, and see how high it looks at each point.

It seems more and more higher with more and more distance away, a sharper rise with more distance away from you.

The sharper rise will eventually end with a horizon, the vanishing point or line of perspective, where we cannot see objects past, and that’s what happens here.

The only way we can compare what both surfaces look like, is by having both surfaces, one flat, one curved as you claim it to be, and then we can compare them both, which would settle the debate right away, and prove which is true, flat or ball Earth.

But the problem is, you think everything is curved, without ever seeing or measuring a curve, as level cannot mean flat and horizontal, which it does mean, and is measured by instruments as, but you wish it wasn’t true, and make up a level to your made up curvature of ball Earth, that’s so incredibly ‘slight’ of a curve, it’s like it wasn’t even there at all!

If it’s so slight of a curve, it cannot be a sharp curve that makes objects vanish from sight from a 1/4 mile section of the surface, because it was always higher and higher up, to see it, with more distance away from us, while the surface was always flat, never curving at all, which would show objects less and less rising up with more distance away.

That is how objects WOULD look on a curved surface, with more distance away from us.

A curved surface cannot look higher and higher with an ever sharper curve with more distance away from us, it would always sink down more and more.



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turbonium2

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How does perspective make a surface appear to be rising when it should look the same height everywhere you look?

Perspective distorts and limits our view outward, causes us to see the surface rising up and causes the horizons at the end point. 

They cause higher and higher surfaces to appear, in more and more distance out from us, not less and less upward, that’s utter bs, it’s the very opposite!

Why do we see further out on the same floor, when we are standing up, then we can see if we lie down on that same surface, which is flat?

You say that if we were on a flat surface, we’d be able to see everywhere over the Earth,  and there’d be no horizons at all!

Because to claim that surfaces appear to rise less and less with more distance, is just ridiculous, proven to be, in fact.

A ship looks ever more higher with more distance away, same as the surface does.

The highest we see the surface, and the highest we see objects on the surface, is at the horizon, the vanishing point of our view, over a flat surface.

It never rises less and less with more distance away, everyone knows it rises more and more in the distance, you know it too, so stop the bs act!

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JackBlack

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Still fleeing from your lies about planes I see.
I shall just take that as an admission of defeat and that you fully accept you were blatantly lying to everyone and that you know planes do not need to magically descend to stay level over a round Earth, and that if you ever bring it up again, I can just quote this, as your admission of defeat and show that you are lying yet again.

So please tell me that perspective doesn’t magically make the surface and objects on the surface appear to rise, because it’s absolute fact, yes?
Why? I never said that.
I said perspective doesn't magically hide the bottom of objects.

Over a flat surface, perspective will make things below your eye level appear higher, with the angle of dip decreasing with increasing distance, but NEVER going above eye level.
Likewise, it will make things above your eye level appear lower, but again, NEVER going below eye level.

This means if there is some distant object, with nothing in front of it (just the ground/sea), then it will NEVER be hidden as there is nothing to obstruct the view.

This is clearly ‘magic’, yet it happens in reality, the real world.
No, that is not magic. That is how perspective works.
The MAGIC is having an object above eye level magically appear below eye level, as no amount of perspective can ever do that.

And there is no need for magic when you accept Earth is round.

You’re completely wrong to claim that perspective makes things look less and less higher with more distance, it makes things look more and more higher with more distance.
Look at a ship going outward from you on the ocean, from close in, to a half mile out, to a mile out, and two miles out, and see how high it looks at each point.
No, you are wrong.
It entirely depends on if the object is above or below you.
Perspective makes it shrink and get closer to the centre of your vision (shrinking the gap between the centre of your vision and it).
If you have a very tall ship, such that when standing close you need to look up to see the top, then as it goes into the distance the top appears to go down.

It seems more and more higher with more and more distance away, a sharper rise with more distance away from you.
No, that is a blatant lie.
It is a shallower rise with more distance.
Again, the angle of elevation is a fairly simple trig relationship.
tan(a)=h/d.
With increasing d, a gets smaller (in magnitude, so if it is below you it gets larger).
At a small distance, a small change in distance results in a large change in angle. e.g. if you have something 1 m below you, and you move it from directly in front of your face to 1 m away, it goes from -90 degrees to -45 degrees.
But if you move it to 2 m away, it only goes to -26.6 degrees.
If you move it to 10 m, it goes to -5.7.
If you move it to 11 m it goes to -5.19.
If you move it to 100 m it goes to -0.572.
If you move it to 101 m it goes to -0.567.

As it gets further, the same change in distance results in a smaller change in angle.

This has been shown to you repeatedly.
Again:


The sharper rise will eventually end with a horizon
The point where the curvature starts winning.
The point that clearly shows that Earth is round.

If Earth was flat, this would NEVER happen.
If Earth was flat, the "horizon" would need to be the edge of Earth.

The vanishing point is infinitely far away.

You require pure magic, where perspective magically stops and reverses.

Remember what you said, perspective makes things (below you) appear higher.
Yet to form the horizon with perspective alone, you need perspective to magically stop.
To magically make it so the ground further out doesn't get higher.
To have things above the ground appear to sink, you need to go one step further and have perspective magically reverse, to have the ground which should be appearing to get higher instead appear to go down.

So what causes this magical reversal?

There is no explanation from perspective, but plenty from curvature.

The only way we can compare what both surfaces look like, is by having both surfaces, one flat, one curved as you claim it to be, and then we can compare them both, which would settle the debate right away, and prove which is true, flat or ball Earth.
And we do, with simple tables, were if we are above it we can see everything above the table, with nothing magically hiding it from view.
But with a ball, we see that initially perspective wins, with the ground appearing to rise, until it goes too far and appears to sink.
So debate settled, Earth is round?

The problem is you refuse all those observations, and instead want to only ever use observations where the curvature of Earth is enough to cause the bottom of objects to be obscured.
Something which requires the magical reversal of perspective to magically change when it magically occurs to perfectly match the RE.

But the problem is, you think everything is curved, without ever seeing or measuring a curve
No. I accept Earth is curved, from seeing this curve, this curve which has been measured countless times by so many people.
You just reject that curve, because you are desperate for Earth to be flat.

If it’s so slight of a curve, it cannot be a sharp curve that makes objects vanish from sight from a 1/4 mile section of the surface, because it was always higher and higher up, to see it, with more distance away from us, while the surface was always flat, never curving at all, which would show objects less and less rising up with more distance away.
That is how objects WOULD look on a curved surface, with more distance away from us.
What are you trying to say there?
That over a flat surface, objects would rise less? If so, that is the complete opposite of what is expected.
But initially they are the same.

The math is really quite simple, as shown above.

A curved surface cannot look higher and higher with an ever sharper curve with more distance away from us, it would always sink down more and more.
Yes, it can.
As shown by the math above.

As I have asked you before, why should perspective magically stop working for a sphere?
All it takes to show your claim is pure BS is to look at a ball.
Go find a ball, put it on the ground, mark the top most point of it, then go stand up near it (so it is below you) and look down at it.
Even better if you can line yourself up directly above the top.
According to your delusional BS, you should see the point at the top, and no further. Everything beyond that should be magically hidden from sight. But that is clearly BS.

You can also do the same by standing on the top of a hill, or the top of a ramp.
If your dishonest, delusional BS was true, if you were standing at the top of a ramp, the ramp should be invisible, with no way for you to see it.
But it is trivial to see, showing your claim is pure BS.

Standing on a large ball, there will be a point where your eye is tangent to it. You can look down further, and see ground that is closer. Again, this trivially shows your claim is pure BS.

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JackBlack

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How does perspective make a surface appear to be rising when it should look the same height everywhere you look?
It shouldn't.
Perspective is nothing more than a statement that your vision works with angles.
There is no distortion or magical limitation.
It is simply what is the angle to the object.

This is it:

The further away the ground is, the higher up it appears.
This continues FOREVER, at an ever decreasing rate.

The only way to make it go down, is if Earth curves.

Now, it starts going up, but eventually you reach the point where your line of sight is tangent.
Now if you go further around the curve, you go down.

Perspective distorts and limits our view outward, causes us to see the surface rising up and causes the horizons at the end point.
The "end point" for perspective is infinite distance.

Why do we see further out on the same floor, when we are standing up, then we can see if we lie down on that same surface, which is flat?
If the floor is flat, we don't.

You say that if we were on a flat surface, we’d be able to see everywhere over the Earth,  and there’d be no horizons at all!
Because that is what all the available evidence shows, and because you are yet to explain what magic causes the horizon.

Because to claim that surfaces appear to rise less and less with more distance, is just ridiculous, proven to be, in fact.
Do you mean for a flat surface? Because that is what all the evidence shows.
That initially the rise is very dramatic, but with increasing distance the rise from a bit of distance gets less and less, slowly approaching 0.
Just like above.

What is ridiculous is claiming that it magically stops and reverses.

But great job contradicting yourself again. Here you are claiming it rises the same, but then directly below claiming it magically stops.

The highest we see the surface, and the highest we see objects on the surface, is at the horizon, the vanishing point of our view, over a flat surface.
The horizon is NOT the vanishing point.
The horizon is a finite distance away, the vanishing point is infinitely far away.

It never rises less and less with more distance away, everyone knows it rises more and more in the distance, you know it too, so stop the bs act!
You know perspective can't magically stop and reverse and make the ground appear to go down to make objects appear to sink into a flat surface and hide the bottom.
So you stop the BS act.

Because yes, everyone knows that perspective would mean the flat surface continues to rise in the distance, FOREVER.

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DataOverFlow2022

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How does perspective make a surface appear to be rising when it should look the same height everywhere you look?



Your stupid.

We are referring to how “perspective” can physically block a ship from view as it goes beyond the horizon where it can’t be brought back into view with zoom/magnification.

The answer is perspective can’t block objects physically from view thus why when a ship goes over the horizon and becomes physically blocked from view bottom first is clear evidence of a spherical earth.


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Themightykabool

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More so to his brain waves - the ground appears to rise.
And the onject far away on the ground also appears to rise.
Both appear to rise.
One doesnt rise while the other remains on some OTHERA magical line of sight.

Both move together because both are together.
Just like parallel train tracks persepctively on the horozontal conjoin but the left tracl will never block the roght trackl.
UNLESS BOTH TRACKS turn thus cause one way to phsyically block the line of sight.


Holy cow! Amazing!

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turbonium2

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How does perspective make a surface appear to be rising when it should look the same height everywhere you look?



Your stupid.

We are referring to how “perspective” can physically block a ship from view as it goes beyond the horizon where it can’t be brought back into view with zoom/magnification.

The answer is perspective can’t block objects physically from view thus why when a ship goes over the horizon and becomes physically blocked from view bottom first is clear evidence of a spherical earth.

It is clear evidence that Earth is flat, because this will only happen like that on a flat surface, and not on any other surface.

This would not be what we’d see if we were on a curved
surface, but when we don’t have a curved surface, it is hard to imagine what it would look like, what is different about it, compared to a flat surface.

Have you ever seen a drawing or painting that uses perspective in it?

Of course you have, perspective is always used in drawings and paintings, to give it depth, and 3 dimensional appearance, like the real world is and looks to us.

But it’s always flat surfaces and straight lines, outward and across, in its structure, or guidelines.

If Earths surface was curved, the surface would curve more and more with more distance outward, yet we see it rising up more and more with more distance outward on surfaces, so it is the opposite of what would be seen if it WAS curved!

A curved surface constantly curves downward, more and more downward over distance.  If a ship went outward on a curved ocean, it would slowly go out of view from the bottom of it, then halfway up it, then all of it would be out of view.

Perspective would still make the ship appear to rise, but not as high up as on our flat surface. Because perspectives greatest effect is with more distance away, it works on a flat surface best of all, making the surface rise more and more than at closer distances.

A curved surface would nullify this effect, because it curves downward more and more with distance. 




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JackBlack

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Still fleeing from your lies about planes I see.
I shall just take that as an admission of defeat and that you fully accept you were blatantly lying to everyone and that you know planes do not need to magically descend to stay level over a round Earth, and that if you ever bring it up again, I can just quote this, as your admission of defeat and show that you are lying yet again.
Thanks for confirmation of this by way of silence.
Thanks for admitting you have been lying to us, intentionally.

It is clear evidence that Earth is flat, because this will only happen like that on a flat surface, and not on any other surface.
Repeating the same lie wont help you.

Over a flat surface, an object below the elevation of your eyes will continually appear to rise.
If you pick any object some distance away, below your eye level, then everything at its elevation or lower at a lesser distance will appear lower, making it impossible for the ground below it to obstruct the view.

So if Earth was flat, we would NEVER see objects above Earth appear to sink into Earth with the bottom being obstructed.

That requires a curved Earth, where initially perspective will win and make the object appear higher, until at some distance the curvature will start to win and the object will appear to sink with the bottom being obstructed.

So again, directly contrary to your blatant lie the shape required is a round or curved surface, not a flat one.

This would not be what we’d see if we were on a curved
surface, but when we don’t have a curved surface, it is hard to imagine what it would look like, what is different about it, compared to a flat surface.
Good thing we have plenty of flat surface and round surfaces which we can easily check with.
Unfortunately for you, reality shows that round surfaces match what is seen with Earth.

But it is also trivial to use computer software to simulate what a surface would look like. And again, a round surface matches Earth, not a flat surface.

Have you ever seen a drawing or painting that uses perspective in it?
You mean the simple one where everything just gets smaller as it gets closer to the horizon with nothing ever having the bottom magically disappear, or having the tops curve down?

That is because it is simple to do, not because it matches reality.

If Earths surface was curved, the surface would curve more and more with more distance outward
That's right (ignoring technicalities).
So eventually you will reach a point where this curvature will win over perspective.
So the ground will initially appear to rise, before it reaches a peak and starts going back down.
That peak is called the horizon.

This is exactly what we see.
Again, this is clearly demonstrated by this image:


Conversely, if Earth was flat, this never happens.
You never reach that peak because you have nothing acting to oppose perspective.
So instead, the ground just keeps on rising at an ever decreasing rate.


yet we see it rising up more and more with more distance outward
Only when perspective is beating curvature. i.e. at short distances.

A curved surface constantly curves downward, more and more downward over distance.  If a ship went outward on a curved ocean, it would slowly go out of view from the bottom of it, then halfway up it, then all of it would be out of view.
Just like we see, at least if the ship is large enough to resolve.

If Earth was flat, that would never happen, and all you would need to do is zoom in, until the atmosphere makes the entire ship too blurry to resolve.
So the ship would fade away. It would NEVER appear to sink into Earth. it would NEVER have the bottom obstructed while the top is still clearly resolved.

Again, what we see matches a round Earth, not a flat Earth.

Perspective would still make the ship appear to rise, but not as high up as on our flat surface.
And with this you admit your previous claims were blatant lies.
With this you admit that you would see a round surface initially appear to rise.
That it shouldn't just magically go down straight away.

A curved surface would nullify this effect, because it curves downward more and more with distance.
You literally just basically admitted that is a lie, so why repeat the same pathetic lie?

Again, the comparison is quite simple:

For a flat Earth, the surface continually appears to rise, without end, just rising more and more slowly.
For a round Earth, the surface initially appears to rise while perspective wins, but eventually the curvature becomes significant enough for it to win and the ground to appear to sink (assuming you could see it through the closer ground). This causes the horizon and explains what is observed in reality.

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Smoke Machine

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How does perspective make a surface appear to be rising when it should look the same height everywhere you look?



Your stupid.

We are referring to how “perspective” can physically block a ship from view as it goes beyond the horizon where it can’t be brought back into view with zoom/magnification.

The answer is perspective can’t block objects physically from view thus why when a ship goes over the horizon and becomes physically blocked from view bottom first is clear evidence of a spherical earth.

It is clear evidence that Earth is flat, because this will only happen like that on a flat surface, and not on any other surface.

This would not be what we’d see if we were on a curved
surface, but when we don’t have a curved surface, it is hard to imagine what it would look like, what is different about it, compared to a flat surface.

Have you ever seen a drawing or painting that uses perspective in it?

Of course you have, perspective is always used in drawings and paintings, to give it depth, and 3 dimensional appearance, like the real world is and looks to us.

But it’s always flat surfaces and straight lines, outward and across, in its structure, or guidelines.

If Earths surface was curved, the surface would curve more and more with more distance outward, yet we see it rising up more and more with more distance outward on surfaces, so it is the opposite of what would be seen if it WAS curved!

A curved surface constantly curves downward, more and more downward over distance.  If a ship went outward on a curved ocean, it would slowly go out of view from the bottom of it, then halfway up it, then all of it would be out of view.

Perspective would still make the ship appear to rise, but not as high up as on our flat surface. Because perspectives greatest effect is with more distance away, it works on a flat surface best of all, making the surface rise more and more than at closer distances.

A curved surface would nullify this effect, because it curves downward more and more with distance.

That is what a ship does, travelling out to sea. It disappears from the bottom up, exactly as you declare it would happen on a curved Earth. Believe me, you arent doing your flat earth priests any favors with this light bulb moment!

That is one way we know earth is a globe. That is one way you can prove to yourself Earth is a globe.
For the overall shape of Earth to be flat, requires billions of people and billions of pieces of information about Earth to be wrong. Do the maths.

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DataOverFlow2022

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It is clear evidence that Earth is flat, because this will only happen like that on a flat surface, and not on any other surface.



A “flat surface” and perspective doesn’t physically block objects from view as proven in the cited thread below you posted in jackass.

Horizon did not block duck from view
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=90722.msg2370399#msg2370399

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DataOverFlow2022

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Another thread derailed because a flat earther runs from the truth.

 😂😂😂😂😂😂😂

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Username

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jackass.
Please review the forum rules. If I see this nonsense again, you'll be banned according to them.
If you can'to argue baoth siides, yoou understaaxnd neither

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JJA

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I'm still curious as how perspective causes things to vanish from the bottom up.  How does perspective know which way is up?  Why doesn't it change when I tilt my head to the side?

I'd love to see a diagram that tries to explain what they think is going on here, but it's never explained, just stated that "it's perspective" without elaboration.

I really want to see a diagram, I just can't understand how this is supposed to work.

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Themightykabool

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The problem is continuity.


Persepective says things converge at distance.
Check.

Ships and bulidings disappear bottom->up.
Check.

Therefore ergo
As perspective rises bottom->up, it must therefore cause this blockage bottom->up of far away objects.



Unfortubately, most peoole recognize the far away object also persepctively rises...



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turbonium2

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No, a curved surface will curve downward more and more with more distance, while we actually see the surface rise up more and more with more distance. That is why we know the surface IS flat, not curved


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JackBlack

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No, a curved surface will curve downward more and more with more distance, while we actually see the surface rise up more and more with more distance. That is why we know the surface IS flat, not curved
Wrong again.
You have already admitted that is pure BS.

Remember this:
Perspective would still make the ship appear to rise, but not as high up as on our flat surface.

The fact that the surface initially rises but then appears to sink is one way we know that Earth is round, not flat, as a flat surface should never do that, while a round surface should do exactly that.

Again, if your dishonest BS was true, it would be impossible to see the ground in front of you, because it is below your eyes.
It would be even more impossible to look down a ramp, as not only is it below your eyes, it is also getting lower.
It would be even more impossible to look at a ball, as it should just appear as a single point.

Again, it really is simple:
Perspective makes far away things below you appear higher. This applies to EVERYTHING, even a round Earth.
This also follows a fairly simple formula: a=-atan(h/d)

Without curvature, there is just 1 effect, making everything below you appear higher with distance, with no end, meaning no horizon.
In this case we just let e represent the eye height, and sub in h=e.
This gives us a=-atan(e/d);
As d is the only variable, that is all that changes.
as d gets bigger, e/d gets smaller in magnitude (but stays positive) so a gets smaller in magnitude but stays negative (i.e. below eye level).
Again, this continues to rise at an ever decreasing rate, slowly approaching 0.
NO HORIZON is formed.

With a ramp some distance in front of you, there are 2 effects, perspective making it go up, and the ramp making it go down.
This raises a very simple question: Which one wins?
If the ramp is shallow enough, perspective wins, and it keeps on rising.
If the ramp is steep enough, it wins and it goes down, and you can't see over it.

This now needs some extra variables. The simplest would be the slope (s), and the distance at which the ramp begins (d0).
The "flat" ground in front of the ramp goes as above, slowly rising, but then when we get to the ramp we have:
a = -atan((e+(d-d0)*s)/d)
This can be broken apart into 2 parts:
a=-atan((e-d0*s)/d + s)
There is a part which varies based upon d, and a part that is constant.
Now instead of going towards 0, it goes towards -atan(s).
If this is below the point at which the ramp starts, it goes down.
If it is above, it continues to rise forever, just approaching a different value.
This can also be considered as just projecting the ramp back to the observer.
If the slope is steep enough, it goes above the observer, so it can't be seen.
If the slope is shallow enough it goes below, and can be seen.

A steep slope gives the horizon.
You have the ground in front of it rising up, followed by the ramp which goes down.
And this shows what you need to get an horizon.
You initially need perspective to win, but you need to reach a point where it loses.

And this is what a curved Earth gives.
That is because directly under you, the ground is going straight out, but as it gets further and further away, it curves down more and more until it is going down at an angle steep enough for curvature to beat perspective.

For a round Earth, at least as an approximation, the drop is given as d^2/2R.
This means we have:
a=-atan((e+d^2/2R)/d)
which again can be split into:
a=atan(e/d + d/2R)
Notice, 2 competing effects.
On one hand we have e/d, where as d increases e/d becomes smaller.
On the other hand we have d/2R, where as d increases d/2R becomes bigger.
If the change in the first one is more significant, it appears to rise. If the second is more significant, it appears to sink.
Fortunately, getting the change is easy. We just differentiate.
This gives us -e/d^2 and 1/2R.

1/2R is a constant. Specifically ~0.000000157 /m.
But -e/d^2 varies.
At 1 m it is -2 /m.
At 1 km it is -0.000002 /m. Still larger (in magnitude) than 1/2R.
At 10 km it is -0.00000002 /m. Now smaller than 1/2R.

We can even find the point where they are equal and opposite.
Before this point perspective wins and the ground appears to rise.
After this point curvature wins and the ground appears to sink (as do objects on top of it).
-(-e/d^2) = 1/2R
d^2=e*2R
d=sqrt(2*e*R).
Putting back e=2 m, and R=6371 km, we get 5048 m or ~5 km.
And how far away is the horizon on a RE for an observer with an eye height of 2 m? Roughly 5 km.

So again, the RE matches what is observed in reality. A flat Earth does not.

In order to not have the ground appear to rise, you need to reduce your eye height to 0.

For a flat Earth, the ground should ALWAYS appear to rise, without end, never producing a horizon.
For a round Earth, initially the ground should appear to rise, with perspective winning. However after a certain distance (based upon observer height and the radius of Earth) the effects of curvature win and the ground appears to sink, producing the horizon at the point where this begins.

Once more, RE matches reality, FE does not.

Here is a desmos graph you can use to check this out (but using R=637.1 m to make it drop down within 10s of m).
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/t71r8fecpt

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DataOverFlow2022

  • 8424
  • +49/-96
No, a curved surface will curve downward more and more with more distance, while we actually see the surface rise up more and more with more distance. That is why we know the surface IS flat, not curved

Why is there a dip to the horizon.


You're trying to use a curve and offer it as a straight-line perception and pretending that somehow covers what you're trying to portray Earth as which you have absolutely no idea about except to reference drawn graphs as some kind of proof offering.


Shrugs…


Measures “flat” with a straight edge with a small frame of reference.



The tank actually is big enough to have a gentle curve.



What should the curve look like to a person 6 foot tall for an earth 30,000 times, or more, greater in diameter than the tank?



https://flatearth.ws/horizon-dip


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turbonium2

  • 3781
  • +56/-30
This entire debate can easily be settled, forever.

All we need, is a perfectly flat, measured flat, confirmed to be flat, by both sides, to leave no doubt at all, it IS entirely flat, and horizontal. 

Why haven’t we already DONE such a test before?

It would settle the whole debate, instantly.

Of course, the whole surface IS flat, and measured as flat, and always looks flat, drawn flat, represented as flat, but somehow, just by saying it is NOT flat, while measuring and looking flat, we’re supposed to accept that it’s curved, while not measured for a curve, nor seeing any sort of curve!!

And then, you just say there are no flat surfaces, or any long enough to prove if a horizon forms on it!!

No, we have very accurate laser levels which would measure for a flat surface long enough to form a horizon, easily.

In fact, we can use laser levels to prove the surface doesn’t curve down by 8 inches over one single mile, even before we make a horizon on it at 3 miles out!!

Your excuses are pure nonsense.  If you think the most accurate laser levels can’t even measure an 8 inch curve over one mile, think again.

You keep ignoring what I told you about how they determine the accuracy of laser levels over some distance.

First of all, they are called laser LEVELS, and use a fine, straight beam of light to measure for level.

How could a straight beam of light measure for level, if you believe level means level to Earths ‘curvature’, which would obviously NOT be a flat, straight or horizontal surface?

They couldn’t use straight beams of light to measure for your ‘curvature’, when you can’t use your made up pulling down all things force, like you do with other instruments which measure for level.

Your magical force can only perform some amazing feats that stretch into fairy tale land, but it can’t grab laser lights and ‘gently curve them to match Earths curvature’, even you don’t go that far.

Curvature would be 8 inches of curve over a mile, 8 inches squared per two miles, or 16 inches of a curve, 8 inches squared per 3 miles, and what do you think the curve would be at a horizon, 3 miles away?

It certainly cannot be more than the height of some large ships, so they wouldn’t vanish from sight by a 4 or 5 foot curve on the ocean surface, where you say perspective ‘loses out’ to ‘curvature’

The only problem is that you refuse to accept we have and can measure flat surfaces, of any length at all, which we do all the time, with many instruments.

I’ll ask you one more time-

How can they measure a laser level for accuracy, over a distance, unless they know and create targets that ARE true level?

I mean, they say a laser level is accurate to within +/- 3 mm or so, over 300 feet or so.

And we know that laser levels use straight beams of fine light to measure for level.

That means, the only way they COULD test its accuracy over 300 feet,  is if they have a target 300 feet away which IS perfectly level to start with!

They can’t be measuring for any sort of curvature with a straight beam of light, it would be impossible to do, unless they first accounted for it over 300 feet or whatever.

How could they measure for laser level accuracy over greater and greater distances with a curve of 30 or 40 feet?

It would mean having to first measure for the curvature over that distance, which nobody knows or does or has tried to measure for, because it is ‘too slight’ to measure for, anyway!!

Sure, just because ‘curvature’ over 3 miles makes everything curve down so far we can’t see them anymore, it doesn’t mean it’s important to measure for 2,000 foot high buildings or bridges, they don’t vanish at all from ‘curvature’, just ships do on oceans!!

It’s either going to be measured and accounted for in testing accuracy of laser levels, or it doesn’t exist at all, to be measured and accounted for.

It’s funny to hear your side say a new bridge or tunnel was built, and they accounted for ‘curvature’ in it!

What would you think they’d absolutely HAVE to know, first of all, long before they designed it, and built it?

If they actually DID account for ‘curvature’ of the surface, they would have to know, and measure, exactly what that ‘curvature’ would BE, over their structures lengths!!

But I’ve never once seen any documents that mention any ‘curvature’ measurements, or anything else, which would not make any sense at all, if it WAS accounted for.

We should find those mysterious and unspoken measurements for ‘curvature’, because they obviously didn’t know what it was before they ‘accounted for it’!!

Sort of like how we could say we ‘account for’ flying pink elephants on flights all the time! 

They account for something they don’t measure for, I’m very impressed by such miracles


 






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DataOverFlow2022

  • 8424
  • +49/-96
This entire debate can easily be settled, forever.



Why?

We have the dip of the horizon.



https://flatearth.ws/al-biruni-method


We can see boats disappear bottom up..



You need to imagine

Don’t need to imagine anything.

Just watching a ship go beyond the horizon doesn’t work in anyway how you claim your delusion works.

Evidently not because things disappear bottom up. 

Part four, the classic.  Ships disappearing bottom up.

During the video of “Turning Torso (190m tall) - seen from 25km - 50km”, the individual pans the camera across a near ship.



Then a ship farther away.




If that isn’t conclusive concerning the ship over the horizon.  There is always my go to ship video.

Quote






Finally, there is the Rainy Lake Experiment.


No, laser levels are instruments which use a laser light which beams out as a fine, sharp, STRAIGHT light, within a degree of accuracy, over distances.


Ok.  You have a laser going out “straight”.  No other tool.

Now.  How does it show the earth is “flat” or “curved”

And you still don’t need a laser as proven by…


Quote
Rainy Lake Experiment: Conclusion

http://walter.bislins.ch/bloge/index.asp?page=Rainy+Lake+Experiment%3A+Conclusion

Summary
All data and observations agree with the predictions of the Globe Model, which includes Terrestrial Refraction. The predictions for the Flat Earth Model, however, contradict the observations.

The Rainy Lake Experiment shows even better than the Bedford Level Experiment that the earth is a globe, since we also have GPS measurements that are not influenced by Refraction or Perspective, but are of a pure geometric nature. GPS measurements directly provide the radius of the earth.

Only one conclusion remains:

The earth cannot be flat, but is a globe with a mean radius of 6371 km!



*

JackBlack

  • 26157
  • +51/-79
This entire debate can easily be settled, forever.
And it has been.
YOU ARE WRONG!
A flat surface will continue to rise FOREVER!
They never magically stop and start going back down.

A CURVED surface will start going up, with perspective winning initially, but eventually reach a point where the curvature is too great, and it starts going down.

This is observed with every instance of flat and curved surfaces.

The only one claimed to be special is Earth, by FEers that need to lie to pretend a flat surface magically acts exactly like a round surface should.

Your pathetic lies and excuses will not save you.

All we need, is a perfectly flat, measured flat, confirmed to be flat, by both sides, to leave no doubt at all, it IS entirely flat, and horizontal. 
Why haven’t we already DONE such a test before?
Because dishonest people like you will NEVER accept reality.
And because it is impossible have a perfectly flat surface.
You can only ever get flat to some level of accuracy.
And in every case, what we see is consistent with the known laws of perspective.

So no, when we have dishonest people like you, we will NEVER have the "debate" "settled".
Because you have no interest in debate. All you care about is repeating the same dishonest BS to pretend your fantasy is true.

Of course, the whole surface IS flat, and measured as flat, and always looks flat, drawn flat, represented as flat, but somehow, just by saying it is NOT flat, while measuring and looking flat, we’re supposed to accept that it’s curved, while not measured for a curve, nor seeing any sort of curve!!
Repeating the same lies will not save you.
No measurement that is capable of measuring the curvature of Earth has ever shown it to be flat.
There are plenty of measurements that show it is a curve.
And we quite clearly see the curve in the form of the horizon.

And then, you just say there are no flat surfaces, or any long enough to prove if a horizon forms on it!!
No, YOU say that.
I correctly say that flat surfaces produce horizons only at their edges. Consistent with EVERY flat surface ever seen.

You falsely claim that all these surfaces are magically too short.

No, we have very accurate laser levels which would measure for a flat surface long enough to form a horizon, easily.
No, we don't.
We have accurate theodolites which measure Earth's curvature.

And your delusional BS if true would mean we can't, as you would require light to magically bend to make your magical horizon.


And no need to bring up laser levels to try to flee from the topic yet again.
Not to long ago in another thread you said this:
Maybe you think if you spew out a pile of bs arguments like this, I’ll pass over a few of them, trying to filter out the crap.
What’s the point in that? Do you think if I miss some of your crap arguments, I’m ‘avoiding it’? Like you had some great argument that I run away from?
Yet that is exactly what you are doing now.
Spewing out a bunch of BS because you can't defend your lies.

We have already dealt with lasers, with you being shown to be wrong, repeatedly.

They have no place in this thread.


Curvature would be 8 inches of curve over a mile, 8 inches squared per two miles, or 16 inches of a curve, 8 inches squared per 3 miles, and what do you think the curve would be at a horizon, 3 miles away?
You aren't good at math are you?
It is 8 archaic units per archaic unit squared.
That means at 1 archaic unit, it is 8 archaic units. At 2 archaic units it is 2^2*8 = 32 archaic units. At 3 archaic units it is 3^2*8 = 72 archaic units. That is 6 feet.

It certainly cannot be more than the height of some large ships, so they wouldn’t vanish from sight by a 4 or 5 foot curve on the ocean surface, where you say perspective ‘loses out’ to ‘curvature’
The horizon is the point where things BEGIN to disappear.
They don't magically vanish at that point.
As they get further away, more and more disappears.
This is entirely consistent with a curved surface, and fundamentally incompatible with a flat surface.

The only problem is that you refuse to accept we have and can measure flat surfaces, of any length at all, which we do all the time, with many instruments.
That is a problem for you, not me.
We have instruments which can accurately measure surfaces, including Earth, which show it is round.
You don't like that, so you lie.

But again, that is not relevant to this thread.
What is relevant to the topic at hand is the FACT that flat surfaces do NOT produce a horizon except at their edge.
The problem for you is that a flat surface will appear to continue to rise FOREVER, never magically stopping and reversing.
A change in the slope is required to change that. i.e. A CURVE!

I’ll ask you one more time-
laser
Deal with the topic at hand first.
Admit you are entirely wrong and that the horizon is clear evidence of a round Earth.
Once you do that we can move on.

Or go back to your previous threads on lasers where you have been repeatedly refuted.

Instead, I'll ask you again:
What magic magically causes perspective to magically stop making things below you appear to rise and instead magically make them appear to sink to form a horizon and obscure the bottom of distant objects?

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Themightykabool

  • 13121
  • +58/-81
Heyhey
Lets answer first before we recreate flatards experiment in beyondtheflat orwhatveer.....


- whats the angle between segments of a 40,000sided polygon!?!?!?!?!?!











You know whata even easier?
Modeling the supposed globe and proving perspective seen on a 2d computer doesnt match reality.


Man
There was a grwat video someone did.
I linked it to sceppy but cant find it.
The mib mustve taken it down.


*

Smoke Machine

  • 3975
  • +19/-20
This entire debate can easily be settled, forever.

All we need, is a perfectly flat, measured flat, confirmed to be flat, by both sides, to leave no doubt at all, it IS entirely flat, and horizontal. 

Why haven’t we already DONE such a test before?

It would settle the whole debate, instantly.

Of course, the whole surface IS flat, and measured as flat, and always looks flat, drawn flat, represented as flat, but somehow, just by saying it is NOT flat, while measuring and looking flat, we’re supposed to accept that it’s curved, while not measured for a curve, nor seeing any sort of curve!!

And then, you just say there are no flat surfaces, or any long enough to prove if a horizon forms on it!!

No, we have very accurate laser levels which would measure for a flat surface long enough to form a horizon, easily.

In fact, we can use laser levels to prove the surface doesn’t curve down by 8 inches over one single mile, even before we make a horizon on it at 3 miles out!!

Your excuses are pure nonsense.  If you think the most accurate laser levels can’t even measure an 8 inch curve over one mile, think again.

You keep ignoring what I told you about how they determine the accuracy of laser levels over some distance.

First of all, they are called laser LEVELS, and use a fine, straight beam of light to measure for level.

How could a straight beam of light measure for level, if you believe level means level to Earths ‘curvature’, which would obviously NOT be a flat, straight or horizontal surface?

They couldn’t use straight beams of light to measure for your ‘curvature’, when you can’t use your made up pulling down all things force, like you do with other instruments which measure for level.

Your magical force can only perform some amazing feats that stretch into fairy tale land, but it can’t grab laser lights and ‘gently curve them to match Earths curvature’, even you don’t go that far.

Curvature would be 8 inches of curve over a mile, 8 inches squared per two miles, or 16 inches of a curve, 8 inches squared per 3 miles, and what do you think the curve would be at a horizon, 3 miles away?

It certainly cannot be more than the height of some large ships, so they wouldn’t vanish from sight by a 4 or 5 foot curve on the ocean surface, where you say perspective ‘loses out’ to ‘curvature’

The only problem is that you refuse to accept we have and can measure flat surfaces, of any length at all, which we do all the time, with many instruments.

I’ll ask you one more time-

How can they measure a laser level for accuracy, over a distance, unless they know and create targets that ARE true level?

I mean, they say a laser level is accurate to within +/- 3 mm or so, over 300 feet or so.

And we know that laser levels use straight beams of fine light to measure for level.

That means, the only way they COULD test its accuracy over 300 feet,  is if they have a target 300 feet away which IS perfectly level to start with!

They can’t be measuring for any sort of curvature with a straight beam of light, it would be impossible to do, unless they first accounted for it over 300 feet or whatever.

How could they measure for laser level accuracy over greater and greater distances with a curve of 30 or 40 feet?

It would mean having to first measure for the curvature over that distance, which nobody knows or does or has tried to measure for, because it is ‘too slight’ to measure for, anyway!!

Sure, just because ‘curvature’ over 3 miles makes everything curve down so far we can’t see them anymore, it doesn’t mean it’s important to measure for 2,000 foot high buildings or bridges, they don’t vanish at all from ‘curvature’, just ships do on oceans!!

It’s either going to be measured and accounted for in testing accuracy of laser levels, or it doesn’t exist at all, to be measured and accounted for.

It’s funny to hear your side say a new bridge or tunnel was built, and they accounted for ‘curvature’ in it!

What would you think they’d absolutely HAVE to know, first of all, long before they designed it, and built it?

If they actually DID account for ‘curvature’ of the surface, they would have to know, and measure, exactly what that ‘curvature’ would BE, over their structures lengths!!

But I’ve never once seen any documents that mention any ‘curvature’ measurements, or anything else, which would not make any sense at all, if it WAS accounted for.

We should find those mysterious and unspoken measurements for ‘curvature’, because they obviously didn’t know what it was before they ‘accounted for it’!!

Sort of like how we could say we ‘account for’ flying pink elephants on flights all the time! 

They account for something they don’t measure for, I’m very impressed by such miracles

The debate was settled 500 years ago when Columbus didn't sail off the edge of the world and didn't crash into a silly ice wall.

Your 8 inches of curve over a square mile - where did you get this? That's not the correct formula for Earth curvature. It's the flat earth propaganda machine's bullshit formula for Earth curvature. But you believe every bullshit conspiracy theory going, don't you?

Do you remember the days in your life when you accepted Earth is a globe, Turbonium? You've gone backwards in smartness.
For the overall shape of Earth to be flat, requires billions of people and billions of pieces of information about Earth to be wrong. Do the maths.

*

JackBlack

  • 26157
  • +51/-79
Your 8 inches of curve over a square mile - where did you get this? That's not the correct formula for Earth curvature. It's the flat earth propaganda machine's bullshit formula for Earth curvature. But you believe every bullshit conspiracy theory going, don't you?
It can come from many ways.
For example, this:

Taking angles in radians, the angle at the centre is s/r.
The length below h is therefore r*cos(s/r).
This gives us:
h = r*(1-cos(s/r)).
Assuming s<<r, then the small x approximation can be taken where cos(x) = 1-x^2/2
h=r(1-(1-(s/r)^2/2))
h=r*(1-1+s^2/2r^2)
h=r*(s^2/2r^2)
h=s^2/2r

An alternative is this:

Now we have a right angle triangle:
(r+h)^2=r^2+d^2
r^2+2rh+h^2=r^2+d^2
2rh+h^2=d^2
2rh=d^2-h^2
h=(d^2-h^2)/2r
Now if h<<d, d^2-h^2 ~=d^2
h=d^2/2r

If we put in the radius of Earth in miles we get:
h=d^2/(2*3958.8 miles)
h=d^2/(7917.6 miles)
If we substitute d to be x miles (so we put in a number x)
we get h=x^2*miles^2/(7917.6 miles)
h=x^2*miles/7917.6
h=x^2*63360 inch/7917.6
h = 8.0002... inch * x^2

i.e. the drop due to curvature is roughly 8 inches per mile squared.

It is FE propaganda when they ignore the distance to the horizon and pretend that means at the horizon your height should be hidden from view.
This also includes when they just calculate the drop, and then subtract your height.
It is FE propaganda when they use a long distance to determine the drop, then merely divide it by the distance to pretend it is a straight line to get a much larger drop over a short distance.
It is FE propaganda when they ignore the effects of refraction and claim that even though the bottom of the object is hidden, because you can see a tiny bit more than expected on a RE without refraction it magically shows Earth is flat.

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turbonium2

  • 3781
  • +56/-30
Laser levels are sharp beams of straight light, so they can only measure for level as being straight and flat and horizontal.

That proves level IS flat and horizontal, without any sort of curve at all.

No wonder you try to say they have nothing to do with it, because they have everything to do with it!

Again, tell me how they test laser levels for accuracy over a distance?

Do you think they first account for ‘curvature’ over that distance, and if you do think so, where is it mentioned by them?

Surveyors would always assume THERE IS CURVATURE on surfaces, and know what RATE of curvature there is on surfaces, if there WAS any curvature on surfaces.

It is not ‘simple’ to assume the wrong surface, it is stupid, and wouldn’t be done, when the most important thing to know is the real surface to begin with!

One has to be a moron to believe this bs. Or completely blind and gullible.

If a surface is curved, its rate of curvature is determined over any distance, like 8 inches per mile squared.


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Themightykabool

  • 13121
  • +58/-81
What shape does y= x^2 make?

*

JackBlack

  • 26157
  • +51/-79
straight light
Again, if light travels in a straight line, YOU ARE WRONG.
If light travels in a straight line, a flat surface will NEVER produce a horizon except at the very edge.

You keep all your laser level BS to yourself until you go back to the thread where you have already been refuted on it countless times, or you admit your claims about the perspective and the horizon are blatant lies and what we observe matches what is expected for a round surface and not what we expect for a flat surface.


Until then, DEAL WITH PERSPECTIVE!

Again, for a flat surface, the surface continues to rise FOREVER! It will approach 0, but never reach 0, nor will it magically stop and magically go back down.
With a round surface, initially the "slope" is insignificant, so perspective makes it appear to rise, but eventually the "slope" becomes too steep and it goes back down.
Again, flat surface does not match what is observed, round surface does.
FE wrong, RE consistent with reality.

What shape does y= x^2 make?

A good approximation for the bottom of a circle.
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/8qrbdamey4

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Smoke Machine

  • 3975
  • +19/-20
Laser levels are sharp beams of straight light, so they can only measure for level as being straight and flat and horizontal.

That proves level IS flat and horizontal, without any sort of curve at all.

No wonder you try to say they have nothing to do with it, because they have everything to do with it!

Again, tell me how they test laser levels for accuracy over a distance?

Do you think they first account for ‘curvature’ over that distance, and if you do think so, where is it mentioned by them?

Surveyors would always assume THERE IS CURVATURE on surfaces, and know what RATE of curvature there is on surfaces, if there WAS any curvature on surfaces.

It is not ‘simple’ to assume the wrong surface, it is stupid, and wouldn’t be done, when the most important thing to know is the real surface to begin with!

One has to be a moron to believe this bs. Or completely blind and gullible.

If a surface is curved, its rate of curvature is determined over any distance, like 8 inches per mile squared.

The ground of the Earth your house is built on, isn't even perfectly flat. The yard around your house isn't even.perfectly flat.There are gentle slopes, hills, ridges, contours, yet you proclaim the entire Earth is perfectly flat like the bottom of a baking tray.

It's like you're a blind man.

I imagine you look like David Weiss. Am I right?

For the overall shape of Earth to be flat, requires billions of people and billions of pieces of information about Earth to be wrong. Do the maths.

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Themightykabool

  • 13121
  • +58/-81


What shape does y= x^2 make?

A good approximation for the bottom of a circle.
https://www.desmos.com/calculator/8qrbdamey4


Yes but we re dealing with a person who refuses context and basic geometry