Can you give an example of "higher mathematics" that doesn't involve numbers?
I mean, you can even find lower mathematics that doesn't involve numbers. For instance Euclidean geometry (NOT analytic geometry). But sure, like, off the top of my head, topology. No numbers in topology for the most part. Other large sections of math, like, say, differential equations, may use numbers in a "roundabout" way, or numbers may appear in some formulas but without playing a significant role.
Of course it's about who does better, the OP is about equitable maths. Which means making sure everyone is equally successful in math, regardless of ability.
Equitable means fair.
You admitted yourself you think math or the teaching of math at least perpetuates discrimination. You would expect the group that isn't being discriminated against to perform the best.
First of all, I said this is what they are arguing, I don't think it's entirely true. Second, no, that's not what it means, it's not that it is "rigged" in favour of a specific group and only that group, but that it promotes the values and aims of said group which may or may not be shared with other groups.
We can disagree about the method of the math but we can't disagree with whether it works or not. French and Russian engineers use the same formulas because they work.
Engineers aren't mathematicians though.
If the French had one value for Pi and the Russians had another, one would be right and the other would be wrong.
Is 0 positive or negative? In school you learn it is neither. In France they learn it is both. They're using a different definition.
That's a very minor thing and certainly, working from the same system of axioms on the same problem, math universally gives the same answers. But the acceptable level of rigour varies, the choice of axioms varies, the problems tackled vary, the attitude towards the results varies, the choice of path towards solutions varies, and then you have constructivists rejecting one of the key logical principles used by classical mathematics to prove theorems. That's because there is a lot more to math than the really simple stuff like the value of pi.