Rather than defaulting to throwing out accusations of dishonesty, it might benefit you to consider where someone else's perespective comes from.
Rather than defaulting to throwing out accusations of consensus falling apart, it might benefit you to consider if you are just misunderstanding and that there is actually consensus.
I am aware of everything you say - it is the implications you make that do not follow.
So you are able to clearly refute it all, or are you only able to boldly claim it is wrong?
What do you think the likelihood of that is when countless forces in all directions are acting on every aspect of the object?
Assuming no external force is being applied, 100%.
Thinking anything different shows a fundamental misunderstanding of how forces work.
Do you know and understand the third law of motion?
If all you have are internal forces, then a force acting on any part of the object will be cancelled out be an equal in magnitude and opposite in direction force on another part of the object. Those 2 forces MUST add to 0.
It doesn't matter if you only have 1 such pair, or an incomprehensibly large number of them, these pairs which add to 0, will then all add to 0.
All of these equal and opposite forces will sum to 0 for the entire object.
That means the net force on the object, from these internal forces, will be 0.
Mechanical mathematics always models objects under a force as individual particles, and not the multitude of particles they truly are. There is a reason for this.
No, that entirely depends on what it is you are modelling.
If you are modelling to determine internal stresses on different parts of the object, you need to do break it down into parts as that is the only simple way to see those internal stresses.
If you are modelling a soft body and want to see how it interacts with the environment, including distorting, then you need to model individual parts in order to see that distortion.
But even in those cases, they do not model every single particle.
That only occurs in molecular dynamics simulations. (And even then, they often just model atoms, or at best nuclei and electrons)
It provides far more resolution than is needed for most things.
Instead, most simulations which do break down the object into particles do it almost arbitrarily with no concern for the actual atoms (or subatomic particles) which make up the object.
Some don't even model the inside as particles and instead model it as a gas, only modelling the outside as a mesh.