FExplanations?In the heliocentrical version, GPS cannot be explained at all by the RE.
"Satellites transmit their signal to Earth and that’s that. There’s no transmission back to the satellites, or between satellites, and none of their signals are made to loop the equator."
What, then, causes the DELAY of the signal?
Here is the equation for the rotational correction for GPS:
2Sω/c
2ω is the directed earth’s rotation rate, and S denotes the directed area of the triangle with vertices at the satellite, the receiver, and earth’s center.
However, this is the CORIOLIS EFFECT formula for the ether drift which delays the light signal.
Not the SAGNAC EFFECT formula.
In a rare admission, even N. Ashby states that the Coriolis force is responsible for the term commonly used in GPS technology which he ascribes to be the Sagnac effect:
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg1981228#msg1981228The GPS satellites do not register/record the ORBITAL SAGNAC EFFECT:
The Stanford Gravity Probe B (GPB) experiment was mentioned above. It involves a mechanical gyroscope, but I know of no physicist who would argue that a mechanical and an optical gyroscope would give different results. It is the intent of GPB to measure the Lense-Thirring frame dragging from earth rotation and the geodetic precession (spinorbit and space curvature effects). The former will amount to about 0.05 arc seconds per year and the latter to about 6.9 arc seconds per year. By contrast, if the gyroscope were affected by the orbital rotation, an additional anomalous precession of 1,296,000 arc seconds per orbit results. This insensitivity of mechanical gyroscopes to orbital rotation is clearly illustrated by the early TRANSIT (Navy navigation) satellites. During launch the satellites acquired a large spin, and the satellites themselves acted like large mechanical gyroscopes. In order to point the transmit antenna toward the earth, a boom with attached mass had to be deployed to cause gravity-gradient stabilization. But the satellite spin had to be removed before the gravity-gradient stabilization could occur—precisely because a gyroscope is not itself affected by the orbital rotation.
Ronald Hatch
Director of Navigation Systems Engineering and Principal and co-founder of NavCom Technology, Inc.
Institute of Navigation (ION), including Chair of the Satellite Division, President and Fellow.
https://www.gps.gov/governance/advisory/members/hatch/https://web.archive.org/web/20170808104846/http://qem.ee.nthu.edu.tw/f1b.pdfThis is an IOP article.
The author recognizes the earth's orbital Sagnac is missing whereas the earth's rotational Sagnac is not.
He uses GPS and a link between Japan and the US to prove this.
In GPS the actual magnitude of the Sagnac correction
due to earth’s rotation depends on the positions of
satellites and receiver and a typical value is 30 m, as the
propagation time is about 0.1s and the linear speed due
to earth’s rotation is about 464 m/s at the equator. The
GPS provides an accuracy of about 10 m or better in positioning.
Thus the precision of GPS will be degraded significantly,
if the Sagnac correction due to earth’s rotation
is not taken into account. On the other hand, the orbital
motion of the earth around the sun has a linear speed of
about 30 km/s which is about 100 times that of earth’s
rotation. Thus the present high-precision GPS would be
entirely impossible if the omitted correction due to orbital
motion is really necessary.
In an intercontinental microwave link between Japan and
the USA via a geostationary satellite as relay, the influence
of earth’s rotation is also demonstrated in a high-precision
time comparison between the atomic clocks at two remote
ground stations.
In this transpacific-link experiment, a synchronization
error of as large as about 0.3 µs was observed unexpectedly.
Meanwhile, as in GPS, no effects of earth’s orbital motion
are reported in these links, although they would be
easier to observe if they are in existence. Thereby, it is evident
that the wave propagation in GPS or the intercontinental
microwave link depends on the earth’s rotation, but
is entirely independent of earth’s orbital motion around
the sun or whatever. As a consequence, the propagation
mechanism in GPS or intercontinental link can be viewed
as classical in conjunction with an ECI frame, rather than
the ECEF or any other frame, being selected as the unique
propagation frame. In other words, the wave in GPS or the
intercontinental microwave link can be viewed as propagating
via a classical medium stationary in a geocentric
inertial frame.
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg1982291#msg1982291For the LISA satellite, the orbital Coriolis effect is 30 times larger than the rotational Coriolis effect:
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg1983786#msg1983786 (four consecutive messages)
Ruderfer experiment:
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg1846721#msg1846721As such, modern science is making a last stand in order to explain the GPS/Ruderfer/Sagnac effects/experiments: a local ether theory named MLET (Modified Lorentz Ether Theory).
MLET (Modified Lorentz Ether Theory) is based on the Lorentz transformation (Lorentz factor/contraction), and thus, is equally invalid.
https://www.gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Relativity%20Theory/Download/7149The colossal mistakes committed by Lorentz and Einstein in deriving the Lorentz transformation/factor:
http://relativityunraveled.net/chapter-4-the-michelson-morley-experiment/http://relativityunraveled.net/chapter-5-the-lorentz-transformation/http://relativityunraveled.net/chapter-1-introduction/Dr. Hans Zweig, Stanford University:
http://wiki.naturalphilosophy.org/wiki/hans-j-zweig/