I know that the Earth isn't round, and I've been a Flat-Earth believer for some time now, but my mathematics professor brought another theory to the table. He doesn't believe that the Earth is round either, but he doesn't consider himself a Flat-Earther. He produced the theory of a Cylindrical-Earth and constructed mathematical diagrams to prove his theory. I'm still a Flat-Earther, but I'm beginning to consider other possibilities. What do you think?
I assume, the caps of the cylinder are the North and South Pole, respectively, and the rotation axis goes through them. Otherwise, you would have more observational problems.
But then you will never observe Polaris or the South Celestial Pole from any place on earth, because they are always below the horizon to the north or south, respectively.
Universal Accelerator would be out of question. You would need gravity. But to be able to stand upright the cylinder must be significantly longer to the north and south than the known area of earth to have an almost symmetrical gravity.
Because mostly the mass north and south of you defines the gravity, instead of the mass directly below you, the material of earth’s core must be different and lighter.
The magnetic field would be weaker. You would not be able to observe any aurora borealis and aurora australis, because the poles would be too far away anyway.
You would probably loose the moon, because there is no clearly defined center of gravity of the earth.
I am not a physicist, but a very long cylindrical shape, which is much heavier than globular earth, could have an impact on its orbital eccentricity and period. Probably, it is not stable anyway.
I think, your mathematics professor stopped thinking clearly quite early.
EDIT: Magnetic field