The galactic model also cannot explain the velocities of the stars and galaxies:
http://immanuelvelikovsky.com/NewtonEinstein&Veli.pdf (pgs 239-257)
“It seems that the galaxies could not have formed and could not maintain their
existence with a force [or material] that we know nothing – absolutely nothing –
about. This [whatever it is] . . . cannot be observed; we only know that something
must be holding the galaxies together because [gravitational] physics predicts that
the stars of the galaxies [moving at their speeds] should fly apart [without it] . . .
mathematics tells the astronomers that it must exist. The scientists give this
unknown force the name: dark matter.”
“Dark matter is the craziest idea we’ve ever had in
astronomy: it appears when you need it, it can do
what you like, be distributed anyway you like. It is a
fairytale of astronomy.”
“The distance between a planet and the Sun also determines the planet’s orbital
velocity. “In the solar system, the planets all orbit the Sun with velocities that get
smaller and smaller as they get farther from the Sun, the system’s center of mass,”
explained Vera Rubin of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. “So the inner
planets go fast and the outer planets go slow. That’s just a direct response to
Newton’s law.”
“But to everyone’s surprise, observers discovered that galaxies weren’t acting
like [a] gigantic solar system at all.
“In spiral galaxy after spiral galaxy, the Carnegie group saw that stellar material
on the outer edges of a disk travels around at speeds much faster than theory had
estimated. It was the Coma cluster problem all over again.”
Therefore, the stars in spiral galaxies do not follow Kepler’s law of distance cubed
equal period squared. In order to do so, the stars farther from the central mass of spiral galaxies must revolve slower than stars closer to the central mass, and they simply do not do this; they travel at the same velocity. James Trefil states, “In fact, no galactic rotation curve has ever been observed to turn over and become Keplarian. All of them remain flat out to distances of 200,000 or 300,000 light years.”