I don't want to sound arogant here, but your explanation doesn't make any sense. This does:
So you can't point out anything wrong with our explanation?
2 objects in space, where their distance and size makes their apparent angular size roughly the same means that when the moon (opaque) passes in front of the sun (a light source) the moon will block the light of the sun, resulting in an eclipse.
Due to the proximity of the moon and it being physically smaller than the sun, the eclipse will be partial.
Again, what is wrong with that explanation?
The moon, being an opaque object, cases a shadow.
Get a light (preferably large) and a small ball (smaller than the light) and see what it does.

No, this doesn't make any sense at all.
You have the sun visible directly overhead at 3 different locations at once.
It is only directly overhead the equator at the equinox (both)
It is only directly overhead the tropic at the solstice, and that is one tropic per solstice.
You have the atmosphere simply being a plane in the sky, no where near Earth.
So it doesn't even make sense in explaining Earth in general.
But more importantly, that doesn't have anything to do with eclipses.
Are you just trolling?