I had to rewatch a lot of the first season a few times because the politics and the factions aren't immediately obvious and they're sort of important to making sense out of the show.
Maybe this will save you some time.
Faction #1, Earth. The richest faction with the biggest military. Also most of the people on Earth are unemployed, living on UBI and spend a lot of time looking for drugs to stay entertained.
Faction #2, Mars. Extremely driven and highly technically sophisticated. Their entire culture is fixated on terraforming Mars. They seceded from Earth a while back and there's something of a cold war going on between them.
Faction #3, the Outer Planets Alliances or Belters. A group of outposts on the moons and large asteroids in the outer planets. They have a history of being exploited by Mars and Earth. Also some of them are terrorists but not all.