"High protective barriers and an employment-centered trade policy". What are high protective barriers? I think I know what employment centered trade policy means, but I'm not sure. Does it mean trade policies that keep manufacturers from moving to other countries, thereby putting workers out of jobs?
It means quotas, special taxes on conducting business overseas, tax credits for hiring Americans, fiscal and monetary policy that is geared towards lowering unemployment rather than growing GDP, and of course, tariffs. None of that has anything to do with socialism, and this sort of trade policy was the international norm before WWII. Neoliberalism, the kind of trade philosophy that demands free trade above all else, including the fabled comparative advantage it is supposed to offer, only really became popular after Reagan's presidency and the spread of the dangerously inaccurate "Washington consensus". You can thank neoliberals for most serious economic problems in the world since the 1980s, including the 2007-2008 global financial meltdown.
On the second question - I know what equal before the law means, but what does it mean "to pursue their own inequality in civil society"? Are they talking about suing in civil court?
It's an ambiguous question but I suspect it is related to the liberal idea that the law only guarantees equal protection from the state and criminals, and has no legitimacy in resolving conflicts unrelated to those.