Very late reply time! I've tried to group a few related points together, or at least group together the sections to which my responses would be the same.
Ok. But the 1's and 0's can only create designs if its connected to something able to decode or understand the code like the LEDs on most computers. They have the compatibility to recieve the information and create patterns.
Ok. What are the subjects of the laws?
This ultimately comes down to the same thing: the universe is governed by countless laws. Physics, and chemistry, which in turn govern biological processes. Simple, simple things may develop into very complex systems because the universe treats certain objects certain ways. For example, mass attracts mass, e=mc
2, Newton's Laws... Then you also get into chemistry, and chemical reactions.
The subjects of the laws are all matter and energy.
Can you point to any mutation that can create a feather from a scale?
Easily: they're very similar. The only difference between the two is that in a feather the vanes aren't one solid construct. Just slowly develop gaps...
If that be the case then would there be a time when the flappy things are still useless for even gliding and the arms are too weak for pretty much anything?
And there's only how much and far can a mutation go without being destructive.
But we haven't observed that type of transition.
Why would that be the case?
Actually, you reject every example under the assumption that form of transition is impossible. It's a circular argument. More feasibly, you'd need to actually explain or demonstrate why such transitions are impossible rather than assert it based on your belief they are.
Just because there are different cultures doesn't automatically mean that a religion can't be beneficial to all.
Socially, it does: what benefits one society wouldn't benefit another. That's all it comes down to.
You might be able to argue that one specific form of society is better than another, but that contradicts your initial claim (and would again be dependent on context: some societies only function in certain situations).