neimoka, i'm interested if you can provide any relevant examples. i know light may be split with, for example, a prism, but that wouldn't relate to the atmosphere, or how only one color reaches the moon.
i would also question whether observation alone is a good tactic.
Does this mean that you're retracting this statement:
so, the sun's light goes red when it travels through the earth's atmosphere? that is evidently untrue, just look out your window.
You got your ass handed to you for it, so I can see giving up that line of reasoning. Smart move.
there are many forms of metal, and by observation it's only being told that the moon is rock that makes that sound like any kind of possibility.
The surface features of the Moon look more like rock than metal, so there's that, too.
to alpha, as the earth and sun exist on a rough plane in round earth theory,
Two points define a line, not a plane.
how is it the light from the sun manages to hit the moon from north to south, rather than from east to west as we would expect if the earth was rotating into the way?
The only thing that matters is what the Sun-Earth-Moon geometry
is at any moment, not how it got that way.
in addition, it's all very well to say something is the case, but that doesn't make it possible.
Yes, but what is described is not only possible, but, likely, correct. Speaking of which, you demanded the math and sources. I've given citations. Where are yours?
in round earth theory, the moon is tiny compared to the earth: it is completely hidden. [from what?] with that in mind, how can light go through the atmosphere, and then move so far it can reach the center of the moon? talking about angles seems only to be evasion:
It's not evasion. It's an answer you don't like. Tough.
In optics problems (this is one) angles are what matter.
You can calculate the offset in kilometers (or furlongs, if you like) if you know the angle and distance. In this case, you have both, so it's easy (if you know what you're doing).
this is something you can test yourself. hide a small mirror behind a big book or something, and shine a light on the far side of the book. the light is never going to hit the mirror: something too big is in the way.
This is not a realistic experiment. A better experiment would be to black out the center of a large, red-tinted lens, leaving only a ring around the outside. Place something smaller than your central obscuration behind the lens and fully illuminate the lens with a light some distance away. There will be some arrangements where the refracted red light will illuminate an area larger than the target, even though it would be completely in the shadow of the obscuration itself if the lens weren't present.