Since you guys are so smart. Maybe you can explain why air pressure can crush a steel tank, but lets a thin glass tube survive.
Since you asked, glad to oblige.
The glass envelope of a
6A7 6BA7 vacuum tube is
7/
8" diameter and about 2" long, ignoring the tip, according to a
data sheet. Others
here give similar dimensions.
The railroad car appears to be about 2.4m diameter and at least 7m long, assuming standard German track gauge (1.435 m - call it 1.5m) and estimating the diameter from that. Length was guesstimated by assuming the wheelbase of each truck is spaced equal to the gauge - this is the best I can come up with on the spur of the moment.
Using this, the area of the cylindrical sides will be the product of pi times diameter times length, or
pi *
7/
8 in * 2 in
= pi (
7/
4 in
2)
Converting railcar dimensions to inches gives diameter 100" (hey, it's an estimate) and length 280 inches. The area of its cylindrical sides is
pi * (100 in * 280 in)
= pi (28000 in
2)
The ratio of these is
( pi * 28000 in
2 ) / ( pi *
7/
4 in
2 )
= 28000 * 4 / 7
= 4000 * 4
= 16000
The ends will add additional area as pi (d/2)
2 times two (for two ends), ignoring their slightly convex shapes. Since the rail car failed from the side, and the ratio of end areas is similar (~13000 : 1, I think), considering only the cylinder and ignoring the ends is probably adequate for this.
This means the sides of the tank car has about
sixteen thousand times as much area as the little glass tube's cylinder, which makes the force
sixteen thousand times as great if the pressure differential is the same. I suspect it's likely that the strength of the glass envelope is much more uniform than the steel cylinder, and the
weakest point on each is where it will start to fail, so the
average strength of the rail car sides must be still greater than that proportion.
It's all a matter of areas, and the train car has vastly more than the tube.
If anyone has better dimensions for the rail car, please provide.
[Edit] Clarify by stating "wheelbase" instead of "wheel spacing"
[Edit] Oops... that's a 6
BA7 tube