Easy way is just to think of it like a clock. The Earth and the orbit thereof would be like clock-hands running both parallel at different speeds but the Sun would be the clock itself. Imagine the clock itself is rotating backwards and the clock hands are moving forwards. Now if you locked the frame of reference on the clock it would look like a stationary clock, but if you watched this clock it would take less time to pass then on a real stationary clock. That would be the difference. The stationary clock takes longer then the non-stationary clock...
That makes no sense. Parallel at different speeds...
Parallel might not have been the best word choice, but in my usage of it, it simply means together in the same general direction.
Well just take one person running and one person walking on a lap. It will always take the runner longer to lap the person then it would take to lap the starting point if they are both traveling the same direction. However if the walker is stationary and the whole lap moves underneath the walker, it will still look the same as it will still always take the runner longer to lap the person. Now if the runner is stationary and the walker is travelling backwards, the lap will be traveling backwards faster then the walker (All 3 reference frames are dynamically equivalent).
Now if you switch their directions where the runner is going forward and the walker is going backwards then of course you are always going to have the runner lap the walker quicker then the runner laps the lap. This is important because the Sun (would need to appear) to move the opposite direction of the rotation and orbit of the Earth. If the Sun is (apparently) moving the opposite direction then the solar day will be shorter then the sidereal day. This is just basic geometry. If you have a walker that is moving backwards on the lap the runner will lap the walker quicker then the lap. Direction doesn't matter as long as they are traveling opposite to each other which they would be forced to do in a rotating, orbiting earth. The only way to have the solar day be longer is by having the Earth rotate opposite to the direction it orbited in. However you can tell quickly by observation that if that was the case the Sun moves West to East in the North from June to December and East to West from December to June. This is actually why I said this would happen in my diagram (shift in minutes) if the Sun was changing directions dynamically in comparison to the Earth each year but this doesn't happen either, so it's another loss to heliocentrism (and geocentrism and flat earthism). The reason why it disproves heliocentrism and flat earth and also geocentrism is that what you see namely a 4 minute steady time lengthening is impossible if the Sun moves outside of the Earth or even above the Earth, it doesn't matter, if the Sun changes direction the time should also change direction, this is why I say only concave Earth theory works with the Sun inside the Sky inside the Earth because if the sky is inside the Earth the Sun never actually changes direction it simply is always slightly slower then the sky making 1 less rotation per year which is why we have only 364 (real) days per year but if you use the Sun as a reference frame and don't count for the illusion you say the Sky has one more revolution per year which is true, but of course we have 1 total day per year that is an illusion of the Sun completing it's circuit +.5 days per winter and +.5 days per summer because you don't subtract the days.
I see that round Earthers(for a lack of better term) like to use their astronomy knowledge to prove the Earth is not flat. However, have you ever thought for a second about the reality of what you actually see? You see lights in the sky and you are brainwashed to believe that these lights are really solid objects which can be reached and some of them are much bigger than the Earth itself, and the stars are huge suns very far away in the universe.
OK, but what if you're wrong, what if the celestial objects are simply celestial phenomena or projections on the celestial sphere? What then, how can you be so arrogant to claim you know something for a fact when it is just observations! You cannot verify that these observations represent solid objects. It is just an assumption made by the scientists to develop their theory of the universe.
Unfortunately, the only proof for that theory is the fake NASA and other space agencies missions to space. Space travel is impossible and you should know it if you were a bit more discerning and didn't believe in the media nonsense. The whole thing was done for political and propaganda purposes and was never real.
Humans have not been in outer space. I think those who believe in something they haven't experienced themselves are those who should provide the evidence and not the ones who are skeptical.
In this particular debate, the topic is the Earth is round or flat. Well it appears flat, so please provide evidence it is round which can be experienced by anyone on the planet. There is nothing like that. You can never provide such evidence. You cannot prove the Earth rotates either. It is impossible regardless of how many Foucault pendulums you believe in. It is impossible to experience it. You need to believe in it. So please cut the arrogant "scientific" smartass attitude, when it boils down to your beliefs only. Be skeptical! You can only verify if something is real if you have experienced it first-hand yourself.
Space travel is not impossible. Humans have indeed not been to Outer-Space because that is space that is outside of the Earth (Well some humans have been to outer-space but they are trapped outside the Earth on outer earth but they have not yet returned because they have been unable to return because the Earth's magnetic field is blocking their teleporters from working correctly). What we have been to is Inner-Space. Which yes inner-space is real, yes you shrink when you go into it and yes it is more miles wide then the earth itself when you go into it because your mile stays the same but you shrink. Now if defining the miles by physical size the miles fit more into smaller space. Even light shrinks so light takes longer to transverse the abyss.
Earth is round and a globe, but it's a globe that is inside of a square connected inside a rectangle with half being outer-space and half being inner space and both spaces being connected and each side being connected to a square (Octahedron).