None of those examples are closed systems.
It doesn't have to be vented, it just has to be pushed away from us until the agitation through dense molecules slows down, which would happen when you slow down the energy source.
AKA vented.
Which as I said: we know it as venting but it's how it termed, which is the key. You are saying it needs venting and it can't vent in a closed dome. I've explained why venting is not what people think when it comes to expanded molecules being pushed away to rise to a point where it cannot rise anymore from that energy release, so it becomes condensed again.
Rainfall should explain exactly what I'm talking about as one example.
I just don't see how you've explained away what happens to the heat. Right here, you've explained that it rises, but as you might suspect us to understand, it's still inside of the system.
It doesn't matter that it's an enclosed system. The system is self sufficient. Nothing needs to be vented outisde of it. It can't be vented. It's a stacked system.
At sea level, we are under the pressure of the stacked system and we feel the effects of the stacking of that system every time energy is applied in anything we do or any time the sun is reflected onto us from the dome directly facing us.
I'm trying to go from a simplistic model to explain compressed matter to expanded matter relating to sea level gases that are condensed, to expanded gases that are expanded due to being PUSHED up due to the molecules above them being forced out of the way by those below, then those molecuels above taking the place of the expanded molecules and pushing them up further.
I might draw a crude picture of what I'm saying if you don't grasp this.
Basically it's a chain reaction of pushing through expansion. Think of it like drawing a tiny circle at the bottom of a paper...we will call this cold. Now we imagine this cold being pushed up the page by the even tinier circles under it, so now we draw another slightly larger circle on top of the other, then another one a little bit larger and so on and so on as if it was a big worm with a fat head and skinny tail pushing through a mass of tiny balls, which drop down to fill the area where the worm came from which fills the gap the worm leaves.
Imagine that on a scale, from say, striking a match or the mass of a fire.
The thing is, as that far headed worm is forcing it's way up, it's entirely reliant on the energy which started it motion upwards which is the point of ignition or point of friction.
If that energy is constant, then the fat headed worm will stop being pushed up because it's now at a height where it's head now matches the molecules it's in as far as size goes, so now it's head is resting above the less expanded molecules below.
As soon as the next molecule of the worms head gets pushed into the first, it's now being squashed...and the next molecules is pushed up and so on and so on until it's head is squashed even more, which condenses it and allows it all to start to fall back through the smaller molecules below.
I'm not sure you will grasp this. If not, I'll draw a picture tomorrow maybe to see if I can explain it better.