What about now?
What makes you think the ball will "drop" toward one end of the box? The box is still level.
Because we are supposed to be moving with the earth as in friction. This is what is told to us. Everything from the outside of the vacuum chamber would be part of this crap friction, yet the ball inside is independent of it as it sits inside a vacuum.
So theoretically as the earth turns, it should in reality be pulled the opposite way by the spin, yet even discounting that, it should at least fall as the earth rotates.
If we are told that if we are in the vacuum of space , we would see the earth spinning and the atmosphere with it as it's spinning through a vacuum, so if that's the case, the ball should also drop as that is in a vacuum, as the diagram states.
The ball is moving along with the surface. It's in a vacuum so there's no air to speed it up or slow it down. Gravity is pulling it downward.
It can only drop straight down, so how is it supposed to drop toward the end of the box?
The ball in a vacuum is, from a certain point of view, in orbit around the earth. At the moment the vacuum is removed, the ball has a velocity of X in a direction parallel to the plane of the equator, tangent to the surface of the earth at the point where the ball sits.
The next instant, the earth has rotated some amount, so the ball now has a velocity of X in a direction parallel to the plane of the equator, but no longer tangent to the point where it sits. Its velocity is now angled slightly upward. And since a small component (Y) of its velocity is away from the earth, its velocity tangent to the face of the earth is now Z = sqrt(X^2-Y^2) which is less than X.
So if no other forces acted on it, the ball would appear to move, from the reference point of the box moving with the earth, very quickly up and backward.
But gravity is acting on the ball. Like it acts on satellites in orbit, it pulls the ball toward the center of the earth, offsets Y, and adds enough to the ball's velocity to make Z once again equal to X. The angular velocity of the ball sitting on the surface of the earth may not be enough to achieve a stable orbit, as is necessary for satellites, but since it's sitting on the surface of the earth, it's a moot point.