First post here, just curious about this topic in regards to distance, height, and water. Why is it that without water in the equation, the observations are similar? IE, when standing at 5,800 feet in the cascades, mountains that are much taller appear shorter in the distance. As in, much smaller mountains make mount rainier and mount baker appear to be shorter in height. At such short distances, and on a flat plane, these mountains should still tower over the smaller mountains. From my observations, this does show a curvature of the earth, without water refracting or reflecting light in any weird sort of way.