Physics Inconsistency

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Hazbollah

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Physics Inconsistency
« on: September 13, 2011, 12:13:31 PM »
I was watching Telly yesterday, and a bloke was explaining the process of gravitational lensing. Info here.
Basically, my beef is that it is commonly stated that photons have no mass. If they have no mass, then how do they form an interaction pair and be attracted by the galaxies?
Always check your tackle- Caerphilly school of Health. If I see an innuendo in my post, I'll be sure to whip it out.

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General Disarray

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #1 on: September 13, 2011, 12:58:47 PM »
Photons have no rest mass. But they have energy, and energy and mass are interchangeable.
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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #2 on: September 13, 2011, 02:41:32 PM »
Newtons theory of gravity is: F = G * m1 * m2 / d^2.

Force (pull from gravity) is gravitational constant times the product of masses, divided by the square of the distance between the objects.

You're right that photons have mass 0 and therefore according to Newtons theory, gravity does not affect them.

This proves Newtons theory of gravity wrong.

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thefireproofmatch

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #3 on: September 13, 2011, 03:00:39 PM »
You're right that photons have mass 0
Did you read the post above you?
we're expected to throw up our hands and just BELIEVE.

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momentia

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #4 on: September 13, 2011, 03:21:24 PM »
Mass warps space-time, (which is  why gravity and acceleration are indistinguishable), pulling space-time towards it.
Light will follow the geodesic (a straight line, or shortest distance between two points, in non-euclidean geometries) that it is currently on. This will appear as light bending around large masses.

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #5 on: September 14, 2011, 11:20:00 AM »
Mass warps space-time, (which is  why gravity and acceleration are indistinguishable), pulling space-time towards it.
Light will follow the geodesic (a straight line, or shortest distance between two points, in non-euclidean geometries) that it is currently on. This will appear as light bending around large masses.

I feel like your entire purpose was to post the comment  :'(

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momentia

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #6 on: September 14, 2011, 02:03:19 PM »
Mass warps space-time, (which is  why gravity and acceleration are indistinguishable), pulling space-time towards it.
Light will follow the geodesic (a straight line, or shortest distance between two points, in non-euclidean geometries) that it is currently on. This will appear as light bending around large masses.

I feel like your entire purpose was to post the comment  :'(

I'm just telling it how it is.

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Ski

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #7 on: September 15, 2011, 01:47:43 AM »
Mass warps space-time, ...

What about objects with no mass?
"Never think you can turn over any old falsehood without a terrible squirming of the horrid little population that dwells under it." -O.W. Holmes "Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne.."

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General Disarray

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #8 on: September 15, 2011, 09:00:49 AM »
Photons have no rest mass. But they have energy, and energy and mass are interchangeable.
You don't want to make an enemy of me. I'm very powerful.

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momentia

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #9 on: September 15, 2011, 06:17:01 PM »
Mass warps space-time, ...

What about objects with no mass?

I can't say if or how massless particles warp space-time (I don't know if the effect is based on energy or mass.)
I can say that, even if the effect is based on energy, a few photons would negligibly warp space-time.
I can also say that objects follow geodesics in the warped space-time, which is why photons bend towards massive objects, even though they are massless themselves.

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Ski

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #10 on: September 15, 2011, 07:15:22 PM »
If GR is true, then photons would have to exhibit gravitation because they contribute to the stress-energy tensor. Yet noone seems to have any clue how or why this would happen, only that it must.
"Never think you can turn over any old falsehood without a terrible squirming of the horrid little population that dwells under it." -O.W. Holmes "Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne.."

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Nolhekh

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #11 on: September 15, 2011, 07:38:26 PM »
If GR is true, then photons would have to exhibit gravitation because they contribute to the stress-energy tensor. Yet noone seems to have any clue how or why this would happen, only that it must.

They don't need to.  It's simply that the photons are moving straight relative to the space time continuum.  They are not actually accelerating due to gravity from a space-time frame of reference.  Our observation, which is limited to 3 dimensions sees photons moving along a curve, when they're really following a "straight" path along the continuum.  One way to visualize this, is to picture a ball, with a line marking an equator.  from edge on, the line looks straight, but from an angle, you can see that it is curved.   this is what we're seeing with light.  we are looking at the path from an angle, and it's curve is exposed.

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Ski

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #12 on: September 15, 2011, 07:40:34 PM »
Yes, they would need to.
"Never think you can turn over any old falsehood without a terrible squirming of the horrid little population that dwells under it." -O.W. Holmes "Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne.."

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Nolhekh

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Nolhekh

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #14 on: September 15, 2011, 07:59:21 PM »
Why?
Wait, I think i get it now.  If a photon (which has momentum) changes direction without affecting anything else, it violates the law of conservation of momentum... Ok. Never mind.  But it was mentioned that the energy of the photon has an equivalent mass, so that would contribute to the stress-energy tensor.

Now I must admit that I too have trouble with GR involving black holes.  In theory, a black hole's gravity within the event horizon is so powerful that escape velocity is faster than light, meaning light itself can't escape.  Now my problem is with the whole light following a spacetime geodesic thing.  If a photon was given some energy to move directly outward from the black hole, there is no actual curve to cause the photon to "turn" back into the black hole, and it should just travel straight along the continuum up and out of the black hole.  So in GR, why are we still led to believe that light can't escape from black holes, especially since I was sure escape velocity was a newtonian concept to begin with.

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Ski

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #15 on: September 15, 2011, 08:05:53 PM »
Because the photons contribute to the SEM tensor. According to GR they must exhibit gravitation because of this. This is precisely why Wheeler alludes to the possibility of geons. It is possible (probable) that GR is wrong, but if GR is true, then a photon will exhibit gravitation.
"Never think you can turn over any old falsehood without a terrible squirming of the horrid little population that dwells under it." -O.W. Holmes "Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne.."

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momentia

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #16 on: September 16, 2011, 11:47:51 AM »
Because the photons contribute to the SEM tensor. According to GR they must exhibit gravitation because of this. This is precisely why Wheeler alludes to the possibility of geons. It is possible (probable) that GR is wrong, but if GR is true, then a photon will exhibit gravitation.

But immeasurably so, even with a very concentrated laser beam.
They are still affected by gravitational fields.

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Ski

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #17 on: September 16, 2011, 12:48:32 PM »
Are you arguing just to argue? If a photon were to contribute to the SEM tensor, of course it is affected by it, and yes, if they do exhibit gravitation it must needs be quite small.
"Never think you can turn over any old falsehood without a terrible squirming of the horrid little population that dwells under it." -O.W. Holmes "Truth forever on the scaffold, Wrong forever on the throne.."

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #18 on: September 16, 2011, 01:14:48 PM »
Because the photons contribute to the SEM tensor. According to GR they must exhibit gravitation because of this. This is precisely why Wheeler alludes to the possibility of geons. It is possible (probable) that GR is wrong, but if GR is true, then a photon will exhibit gravitation.

We've observed the gravitational effect light in many different ways. Gravitational lensing as mentioned in the OP is just one example. Another result is that there needs to be a very tiny redshifting of light when it comes from a gravity well out of the well, and this has been successfully tested.

Note that even if one had a purely Newtonian universe one would still expect gravity to effect light, but photons would then have non-zero mass. The key differences are the amount of effect not whether or not there is an effect.

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #19 on: September 16, 2011, 01:31:20 PM »
Because the photons contribute to the SEM tensor. According to GR they must exhibit gravitation because of this. This is precisely why Wheeler alludes to the possibility of geons. It is possible (probable) that GR is wrong, but if GR is true, then a photon will exhibit gravitation.

We've observed the gravitational effect light in many different ways. Gravitational lensing as mentioned in the OP is just one example. Another result is that there needs to be a very tiny redshifting of light when it comes from a gravity well out of the well, and this has been successfully tested.

Note that even if one had a purely Newtonian universe one would still expect gravity to effect light, but photons would then have non-zero mass. The key differences are the amount of effect not whether or not there is an effect.

neither of the phenomena you mention imply that light itself emits gravitational waves, simply that it is subject to them.

Under Newtons theory light should not interact with gravity (and I have refuted Newtons theory earlier).

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momentia

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #20 on: September 16, 2011, 01:58:51 PM »
Under Newtons theory light should not interact with gravity (and I have refuted Newtons theory earlier).
True. Newton was wrong.

Are you arguing just to argue? If a photon were to contribute to the SEM tensor, of course it is affected by it, and yes, if they do exhibit gravitation it must needs be quite small.

I don't know. Were we ever arguing in this thread, or clarifying the relation between photons and warped space-time in GR?

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #21 on: September 16, 2011, 02:25:58 PM »

neither of the phenomena you mention imply that light itself emits gravitational waves, simply that it is subject to them.

Conservation of momentum is pretty well-established.

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Under Newtons theory light should not interact with gravity (and I have refuted Newtons theory earlier).

This is wrong. Cavendish and von Soldner both predicted around 1800 that sufficiently massive objects would bend light based on essentially Newtonian considerations.

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #22 on: September 16, 2011, 02:46:49 PM »
please take the following with a grain of salt as i'm not 100% sure.

as far as i know two antiparallel beams of light do indeed interact gravitationally. parallel beams do not interact. this can be described by GR and to my knowledge it has been verified experimentally.
to make predictions for single photons we would need a combination of GR and quantum physics.

i think this illustrates the quantum physics/GR issue quite well. GR works well for "macroscopic" systems (obviously even for light) but if we're entering the quantum level all we can do is making educated guesses.

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #23 on: September 16, 2011, 04:07:10 PM »

neither of the phenomena you mention imply that light itself emits gravitational waves, simply that it is subject to them.

Conservation of momentum is pretty well-established.

Quote
Under Newtons theory light should not interact with gravity (and I have refuted Newtons theory earlier).

This is wrong. Cavendish and von Soldner both predicted around 1800 that sufficiently massive objects would bend light based on essentially Newtonian considerations.

I guess you're referring to On the Deflection of a Light Ray from its Rectilinear Motion. This is based on the Newtonian Corpuscular theory, not the Gravitational theory. I should have been more clear that I meant Newtonian gravitation earlier.

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Raist

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #24 on: September 22, 2011, 10:11:40 AM »
This argument is funny, half the people in the thread understand what they're talking about, the other half are using vague definitions they learned on the history/science channel to try to sound like they are adding to the argument.

(here's a hint, when everyone else is talking about something causing gravity and you talk about how gravity affects it, you aren't on subject)

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Trekky0623

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #25 on: September 22, 2011, 10:20:57 AM »
This argument is funny, half the people in the thread understand what they're talking about, the other half are using vague definitions they learned on the history/science channel to try to sound like they are adding to the argument.

(here's a hint, when everyone else is talking about something causing gravity and you talk about how gravity affects it, you aren't on subject)

^^^ This

Newton's equations describe how gravity affects objects, and it mostly works, thought not completely. It lays down the fundamentals of gravitational force decreasing exponentially with distance and directly with mass. It's an equation for an effect.

Einstein's General Relativity attempts to explain how gravity works, and it turns out Newton was not completely correct. For one, yes, photons are affected by gravity. According to Einstein, things with mass curve space time, and objects follow these curves. Even if one of the objects is massless, it will still be affected by the gravitational force of the other.

So basically, these two men explained two different things. Newton found an equation that worked to explain the effects of gravity. Einstein attempted to find out how gravity works. There is no inconsistency.

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Hazbollah

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Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #26 on: September 22, 2011, 10:54:09 AM »
This argument is funny, half the people in the thread understand what they're talking about, the other half are using vague definitions they learned on the history/science channel to try to sound like they are adding to the argument.

(here's a hint, when everyone else is talking about something causing gravity and you talk about how gravity affects it, you aren't on subject)

^^^ This

Newton's equations describe how gravity affects objects, and it mostly works, thought not completely. It lays down the fundamentals of gravitational force decreasing exponentially with distance and directly with mass. It's an equation for an effect.

Einstein's General Relativity attempts to explain how gravity works, and it turns out Newton was not completely correct. For one, yes, photons are affected by gravity. According to Einstein, things with mass curve space time, and objects follow these curves. Even if one of the objects is massless, it will still be affected by the gravitational force of the other.

So basically, these two men explained two different things. Newton found an equation that worked to explain the effects of gravity. Einstein attempted to find out how gravity works. There is no inconsistency.
That makes sense. Thanks for clearing it up.
Always check your tackle- Caerphilly school of Health. If I see an innuendo in my post, I'll be sure to whip it out.

Re: Physics Inconsistency
« Reply #27 on: September 27, 2011, 08:25:52 PM »
This argument is funny, half the people in the thread understand what they're talking about, the other half are using vague definitions they learned on the history/science channel to try to sound like they are adding to the argument.

(here's a hint, when everyone else is talking about something causing gravity and you talk about how gravity affects it, you aren't on subject)

^^^ This

Newton's equations describe how gravity affects objects, and it mostly works, thought not completely. It lays down the fundamentals of gravitational force decreasing exponentially with distance and directly with mass. It's an equation for an effect.

Einstein's General Relativity attempts to explain how gravity works, and it turns out Newton was not completely correct. For one, yes, photons are affected by gravity. According to Einstein, things with mass curve space time, and objects follow these curves. Even if one of the objects is massless, it will still be affected by the gravitational force of the other.

So basically, these two men explained two different things. Newton found an equation that worked to explain the effects of gravity. Einstein attempted to find out how gravity works. There is no inconsistency.

True, there is no inconsistencies at low energies, but at high energies Newton's laws of gravitation beak down and GR is necessary to give the correct predictions.
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