GENERALIZED SAGNAC EFFECT X: OPERA-CERN NEUTRINO EXPERIMENT
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1109.4897.pdf"The Earth’s revolution around the Sun and the movement of the solar system in the Milky Way induce a negligible effect, as well as the influence of the gravitational fields of Moon, Sun and Milky Way, and the Earth’s frame-dragging."
However, the ORBITAL SAGNAC effect and the GALACTIC SAGNAC effect were never even addressed, much less calculated, by the scientists who were part of the OPERA neutrino experiment.
http://operaweb.lngs.infn.it/Opera/publicnotes/note136.pdfThe gravitational fields consequences of the moon, sun and the galaxy were calculated, and not the ORBITAL or the GALACTIC SAGNAC effects.
The CORIOLIS EFFECT formula was computed and was found to be identical to the formula published earlier by N. Ashby and by C.C. Su:
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.615.3798&rep=rep1&type=pdfhttps://web.archive.org/web/20050515161001/http://qem.ee.nthu.edu.tw/f1a.pdfDr. Stephan Gift tried to point out to the physicists at CERN and Gran Sasso Laboratory that the orbital Sagnac had never been computed at all:
(1) Why isn’t the effect of the orbital movement of the Earth also included?
So they tried to quiet him down:
Continuing to quote from page 16 (of 1109.4897v2), “The Earth’s revolution around the Sun and the movement of the solar system in the Milky Way induce a negligible effect, as well as the influence of the gravitational fields of Moon, Sun and Milky Way, and the Earth’s frame-dragging [39].”
But, as we have seen, those calculations have nothing to do with the orbital Sagnac effect, which is much larger than the rotational Sagnac effect (which was not recorded at all by the neutrino experiment).
Dr. Gift responded:
Moreover, the authors have given no basis for the claim in the paper that the Earth’s revolution around the Sun and the movement of the solar system in the Milky Way induce a negligible effect, particularly as the Earth’s rotational speed at the relevant latitude is about 330m/s while its orbital speed is 30km/s.
However, the biggest surprise came from the University of Cambridge.
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1110.0392.pdfThe influence of Earth rotation in neutrino speed measurements between CERN and the OPERA detector
Markus G. Kuhn
Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge
For the first time ever, it was acknowledged that the SAGNAC EFFECT measured for the neutrino experiment is actually the CORIOLIS EFFECT.
As the authors did not indicate whether and
how they took into account the Coriolis or Sagnac effect that Earth’s rotation has on the (southeastwards traveling) neutrinos, this brief note quantifies this effect.
And
the resulting Coriolis effect (in optics also known as Sagnac effect) should be taken into account.
It is beyond belief that physicists who find themselves at the highest possible level in the mainstream scientific community can confuse the SAGNAC EFFECT with the CORIOLIS EFFECT.
The Coriolis effect is just a physical effect, a slight lateral deflection of the light beams. It is proportional to the area of the interferometer.
The Sagnac effect, by contrast, is an electromagnetic effect, it modifies the velocities of the light beams, and is much larger than the Coriolis effect, since it is proportional to the radius of rotation.
But Dr. Kuhn does acknowledge that the effect measured upon the neutrion beam is actually the CORIOLIS EFFECT.
Again, the Coriolis effect formula (angular velocity x area) was computed for the OPERA neutrino experiment:
http://alpha.sinp.msu.ru/~panov/Lib/Papers/OPERA/1109.6160v2.pdfLet me now PROVE that, for an interferometer whose center of rotation does not coincide with its geometrical center, one will record BOTH the Sagnac and the Coriolis effects.
LISA Space Antenna
The LISA interferometer rotates both around its own axis and around the Sun as well, at the same time.
That is, the interferometer will be subjected to BOTH the rotational Sagnac (equivalent to the Coriolis effect) and the orbital Sagnac effects.
If the interferometer would not be rotating around its axis, but only would be orbiting the Sun, it will be subjected to BOTH the Coriolis effect of rotation and the orbital Sagnac effect.
For an interferometer which has regular geometry (square, rectangle, equilateral triangle) the Coriolis effect and the Sagnac effect coincide and are equal; for the first case, the interferometer can be stationary (not rotating around its own axis) while for the second case, the interferometer must be rotating.
Given the huge cost of the entire project, the best experts in the field (CalTech, ESA) were called upon to provide the necessary theoretical calculations for the total phase shift of the interferometer. To everyone's surprise, and for the first time since Sagnac and Michelson and Gale, it was found that the ORBITAL SAGNAC EFFECT is much greater than the CORIOLIS EFFECT.
The factor of proportionality is R/L (R = radius of rotation, L = length of the side of the interferometer).
Algebraic approach to time-delay data analysis: orbiting case
K Rajesh Nayak and J-Y Vinet
https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/946106/1027345/TDI_FOR_.PDF/2bb32fba-1b8a-438d-9e95-bc40c32debbeThis is an IOP article, published by the prestigious journal Classic and Quantum Gravity:
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0264-9381/22/10/040/metaIn this work, we estimate the effects due to the Sagnac phase by taking the realistic model for LISA orbital motion.
This work is organized as follows: in section 2, we make an estimate of Sagnac phase
for individual laser beams of LISA by taking realistic orbital motion. Here we show that, in general, the residual laser noise because of Sagnac phase is much larger than earlier estimates.
For the LISA geometry, R⊙/L is of the order 30 and the orbital contribution to the Sagnac phase is larger by this factor.
The computations carried out by Dr. R.K. Nayak (over ten papers published on the subject) and Dr. J.Y. Vinet (Member of the LISA International Science Team), and published by prestigious scientific journals and by ESA, show that the orbital Sagnac is 30 times greater than the rotational Sagnac for LISA.
The same phenomenon is at work for the MGX and RLGs.
One has an interferometer which is rotating on the surface of a sphere: it will be subjected to both the Coriolis effect and to the Sagnac effect.
According to Stokes' rule an integration of angular velocity Ω over an area A is substituted by an integration of tangential component of translational velocity v along the closed line of length L limiting the given area:
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg2023979#msg2023979"Sagnac effect is a change in propagation time for light going in a closed path. The time delay Δt appears when a test equipment is rotated with an angular velocity Ώ. Sagnac effect is frequently used in rate gyros in navigational systems. Fiber optics is used with light-speed c inside the fiber in a circular light path. The difference in propagation time Δt for two opposite directions of light is described as
Δt = 4AΩ/c2Where A is enclosed area. Δt is derived based on an integration of Ω over A.
According to Stokes' rule can an integration of angular velocity Ω over an area A be substituted by an integration of tangential component of translational velocity v along the closed line of length L limiting the given area. This interpretation gives
Δt = 4vL/c2producing the same value as the earlier expression. This can also be demonstrated by geometrical relations. These two integrations have different physical implications. We must therefore decide which one is correct from a physical aspect. Mathematics can not tell us that. So the decision is whether the effect is caused by a rotating area or by a translating line. Since Sagnac effect is an effect in light that is enclosed inside an optical fiber we can conclude that Sagnac effect is distributed along a line and not over an area. No light and no rotation exists in the enclosed area. Sagnac detected therefore an effect of translation although he had to rotate the equipment to produce the effect inside the fiber.
We conclude that the later expression
Δt = 4vL/c2is the correct interpretation."
Here is the CORIOLIS EFFECT formula:
https://www.ias.ac.in/article/fulltext/pram/087/05/0071Spinning Earth and its Coriolis effect on the circuital light beams
The final formula is this:
dt = 4ωA/c2
The SAGNAC EFFECT, by contrast, does not feature an AREA at all.
Here is the CORIOLIS FORMULA for the MGX:
4AωsinΦ/c2Φ = (Φ
1 + Φ
2)/2
Here is the SAGNAC FORMULA for the MGX:
2(V1L1 + V2L2)/c2V
1 = V
0cosΦ
1V
2 = V
0cosΦ
2L
1 = L
0cosΦ
1L
2 = L
0cosΦ
2https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg2117351#msg2117351Let now V
0 = V and L
0 = L.
Let ε = sinΦ and ε
1 = (cos
2Φ
1 + cos
2Φ
2)
Then, we obtain:
CORIOLIS EFFECT FORMULA
4Aωε/c2SAGNAC EFFECT FORMULA
2VLε1/c2Exactly the form required by the application of Stokes' theorem to light interferometers.
The effect of ether on beam neutrinos experiments:
https://www.theflatearthsociety.org/forum/index.php?topic=30499.msg2061804#msg2061804Hasselbach and Nicklaus and Werner measured the CORIOLIS EFFECT of the ether drift upon the electrons/neutrons.
What S.A. Werner measured in 1979 is the CORIOLIS EFFECT upon the neutron phase:
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1701.00259.pdfOnce the area of the interferometer is mentioned, one obtains the CORIOLIS EFFECT.