1) Foucalt PendulumThe variations of the pendulum are caused entirely by the contraction and expansion of its twine due to temperature variations. See
Chapter 14, Section 8. Rowbotham provides additional insight in
Chapter 14, Section 21.
2) Coriolis EffectThe Coriolis Effect on liquids was
recently debunked by Snopes.
For wind currents; The two turnings of the winds between hemispheres create atmospheric "gears" with the teeth of these gears laying along the equator. The turning of the "gears" keep each other generally moving in opposite directions. Not literal gears, but ones consisting of wind currents rotating around a common barycenter. When two wind currents moving in opposite directions collide at the equator it creates a reaction in accordance with Newtons third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The molecules of the air are shot outwards and away with a direction and magnitude directly opposite.
What sits over the equator to make this such a special area? The sun - which constantly imparts temperatures to the two hemispheres, rising pressure directly under its umbrella with its heat, gradually moving the winds within its circling spotlight outwards and away from the high pressures of the day out towards the low pressures of the night. It is analogous to a spoon churning liquid in a vast mixing bowl. This effect builds up over time, creating predictable and recurring patterns of wind currents.
But this effect is not universal; there are still wind currents which wander into opposing hemispheres, violating the principles of the Coriolis Effect.
3) DistancesSir James Clark Ross reports a circumference of over 60,000 miles in his five year expedition of the Ice Wall.
4) Discovery of Shadow ObjectThere is zero evidence suggesting that the lunar eclipse is the shadow of a spherical earth.
The moon glows with light from the sun, reflected off the Earth. Different parts of the Earth are more reflective than others (the seas, the polar cap, the ice wall, for example). Sometimes, the position of the sun means that only very low-reflective or non-reflective parts of the Earth's surface are illuminated, so the moon is abnormally dark.
To find the time, magnitude, and duration of a Lunar eclipse please consult
page 155 of Earth Not a Globe.
5) Change of g (acceleration of gravity on Earth)What you know as acceleration is actually a gravitational field, as suggested by Einstein in his Principle of Equivalence. While the Flat Earth does not have gravity, it does have gravitation - a mechanical bending of space-time due to the acceleration of mass.
The change in g is a measurement of different levels of gravitation.