As light travels through the Atmosphere it gets scattered by the particles in the atmosphere, in effect weakening it. At the equator, the sunlight has the least distance to go to the earth through the atmosphere, making it hotter at the equator. At the poles, the light has to travel through more of the atmosphere, which weakens it, making the suns light colder.
There's no logical connection between the above paragraph, and the following sentence:
Thus the equator is hotter because it is closer to the sun.
What you said in the above paragraph is that there's less atmosphere between the Earth's surface and the sun. That has nothing to do with the fact that the surface is closer to the sun.
One of the hottest and driest places on Earth is Death Valley, which is also one of the lowest elevations on Earth, and hence, *farther* from the sun.
To clarify why deserts are where they are, lets use a case study, Africa. ... Thus the greatest deserts in Africa lie to the north and south of the equator.
I said that deserts exist where they do because they are closer to the sun.
Yeah, and this is the point -- the closer-to-the-sun claim -- that I've taken issue with. You haven't established any connection with the closer-to-the-sun premise, merely a closer-to-the-equator / weather-pattern premise.
Don't forget that during some of the year, the Sahara Desert (which lies on the Tropic of Cancer) is closer to the sun than the equator.
And have you ever actually climbed any of the world's big mountain's? it gets pretty hot up there. And barren. One could be forgiven for thinking that it is a desert.
Honestly I'm pretty shocked about this "mountaintops get pretty hot" claim. When they're bursting forth with lava, maybe.
I haven't climbed any of the world's big mountains, but the area around me is heavily mountained, and they all seem to be covered with snow for much of the year, even when it's not snowing where I live. I've also seen a few pictures of "the world's big mountains", and they seem to look pretty cold. And barren, yes -- turns out that's because (a) it's friggin cold and (b) there's not much in the way of fertile soil and (c) there's too much erosion from the high winds.
That being said I have climed a few of the worlds not-so-big mountains, usually in the summertime, and it gets damn cold. I have pictures of myself in shorts and t-shirt trudging through snow at a relative elevation of about 800 meters.
Turns out that being closer to the sun while you're on the Earth's surface doesn't really help you get warmer. Mostly this is because the thing that keeps us warm is the atmosphere, which acts as a blanket that thins out as you get higher up.
On a flat Earth, this difference does not exist, as all points are much closer to the sun
Actually, it does, and to a much greater degree. Like, on Earth, some places are maybe 1.00000005 times closer to the sun than others. On the flat Earth, with the sun 3000 miles away, Consider a point directly underneath the sun (3000 mi) and a point, say, 4000 mi away, or 5000 mi from the sun. The difference here is a factor of 1.4. Wouldn't you say that's a little more significant than 1.00000005?
secondly Antarctica is considered by most to be the worlds biggest desert, as a desert is defined as an area that gets less than 10mm or rain per year.
Yeah, so, here's the counterexample to your own argument (so much for case studies), and it's in fact why I brought it up in the first place. Antarctica, surely, is farther from the sun than either the Saharah or the Kalahari, and is farther from the equator than them, as well as being farther from the equator than where I live, which as it turns out is a rain forest.
I think you should examine your argument, which was a misdirected attempt to establish closeness to the sun with hotness, dryness, and desertness.
-Erasmus