https://images.app.goo.gl/akx4NzpTJSrewAaKA
It's based on wave lengths of radiation!
Also there is actually very little information on what is actually in the upper atmosphere, as it is too high for them to send research teams. What they do know is that it is made up of hydrogen, but they say it is in small quantities. So based on there lack or research, I figure there is still heaps of room for understanding.
Where did you get the idea from that "there is actually very little information on what is actually in the upper atmosphere"?
Have you done any research into the topic?
I was referring to this part of your post:
Hydrogen glows from red to purple and blue, I think there is one more colour there. It's colour is dependent on the wave length of radiation that passes through it, which I am assuming has to do with the intensity of the sun passing through it. All the colours that it changes are seen in the sky from sunrise to sunset.
Here you seemed to be claiming that the colours of the sky from blue overhead during the day to the reds and oranges of sunsets are unexplained.
But the explanations of that have been well known since before 1900 and even Leonardo Da Vinci had a good idea of the cause.
You could read Wikipedia on
Rayleigh scattering and here is somewhat simplified version:
Why is the sky blue?Remember that I did say that "those gases do get ionised by the energetic electrons in the ionosphere and cause various effects from airglow to the Auroras."
But the light from these is very weak and only visible on occasions for the Auroras and on very dark nights for the airglow.
Your desire to investigate matters is admirable but you really need to find out what is known before "diving in" with little understanding.
First learn what is already known and then look for areas poorly understood.
Investigation into the upper reaches of the atmosphere started with high altitude balloon flights, see
High-altitude balloon.
These were usually limited to about 37 km but have reached higher altitudes.
Sounding rockets are still used to research higher altitudes to a few hundred kilometres. See
Sounding rocket.
And satellites can be used above about 200 km.
The zone between say 40 km and 200 km is a difficult range to investigate because the air too thin for balloons or aircraft but too dense for satellites to orbit for long. Hence the continued use of these comparatively small sounding rockets.
Though, I imagine that there is still a lot to learn in region above a few hundred kilometres where the traces of the earth's atmosphere meet the Solar Wind from the sun. This is further complicated by the interaction with the Earth's magnetic field.
So it's a big topic!